Table 6.
Factors associated with 1-year mortality in patients who were managed in a tertiary hospital (Pooled (NTT+T) group) (Starting point=referral time)
| Pooled (NTT+T) group (N=410) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude association |
Adjusted association+ |
Adjusted association* |
||||||||
| n | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | |
| Socio-demographic | ||||||||||
| Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| < 70 | 261 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| ≥ 70 | 149 | 2.343 | 1.586-3.462 | 2.310 | 1.520-3.511 | 2.317 | 1.526-3.518 | |||
| Sex | 0.261 | |||||||||
| Female | 100 | ref | - | |||||||
| Male | 310 | 0.781 | 0.508-1.201 | |||||||
| Medical history | ||||||||||
| Charlson Comorbidity index⁎⁎⁎ | 0.003 | 0.036 | 0.022 | |||||||
| <2 | 230 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| ≥ 2 | 180 | 1.008 | 1.003-1.013 | 1.005 | 1.000-1.010 | 1.006 | 1.001-1.011 | |||
| High blood pressure⁎⁎⁎ | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.004 | |||||||
| No | 225 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 185 | 1.011 | 1.005-1.018 | 1.009 | 1.003-1.016 | 1.009 | 1.003-1.016 | |||
| Injection drug use | 0.201 | |||||||||
| No | 386 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 24 | 0.473 | 0.150-1.491 | |||||||
| Underlying heart disease (HD) | 0.453 | |||||||||
| No previously known HD | 212 | ref | - | |||||||
| Previously known HD without prosthetic valve | 107 | 0.823 | 0.505-1.343 | |||||||
| Prosthetic valve | 91 | 1.180 | 0.738-1.887 | |||||||
| Previous IE | 0.193 | |||||||||
| No | 382 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 28 | 0.515 | 0.190-1.400 | |||||||
| Cardiac implantable electronic device | 0.507 | |||||||||
| No | 351 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 59 | 1.193 | 0.709-2.008 | |||||||
| IE profile | ||||||||||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||||
| Suspected source of infection | 0.039 | |||||||||
| Community | 304 | ref | - | |||||||
| Healthcare-related, acquired in hospital | 95 | 1.581 | 1.031-2.422 | |||||||
| Healthcare-related, not acquired in hospital | 11 | 2.239 | 0.902-5.558 | |||||||
| Left heart endocarditis | 0.324 | |||||||||
| No | 82 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 328 | 1.300 | 0.772-2.188 | |||||||
| Fever | 0.520 | |||||||||
| No | 55 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 355 | 1.219 | 0.667-2.226 | |||||||
| Heart failure⁎⁎⁎ | 0.006 | 0.081 | ||||||||
| No | 266 | ref | - | ref | - | |||||
| Yes | 144 | 1.006 | 1.002-1.011 | 1.004 | 1.000-1.008 | |||||
| Microbiological characteristics | ||||||||||
| Staphylococcal IE | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.017 | |||||||
| No | 263 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 147 | 2.225 | 1.508-3.283 | 1.618 | 1.079-2.426 | 1.633 | 1.092-2.443 | |||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Vegetation | 0.729 | |||||||||
| No vegetation | 52 | ref | - | |||||||
| ≤15mm | 176 | 1.153 | 0.594-2.235 | |||||||
| >15mm | 106 | 1.413 | 0.708-2.820 | |||||||
| Unknown size of vegetation | 76 | 1.131 | 0.534-2.394 | |||||||
| Perforation | 0.118 | 0.038 | ||||||||
| No | 330 | ref | - | ref | - | |||||
| Yes | 80 | 0.638 | 0.363-1.121 | 0.543 | 0.305-0.966 | |||||
| IE complications | ||||||||||
| Cardiac abscess⁎⁎ | 0.132 | |||||||||
| No | 315 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 95 | 1.469 | 0.891-2.422 | |||||||
| Septic shock⁎⁎ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 345 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 65 | 4.086 | 2.679-6.233 | 2.847 | 1.754-4.621 | 2.766 | 1.721-4.445 | |||
| Cerebral haemorrhage⁎⁎ | 0.003 | |||||||||
| No | 381 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 29 | 2.494 | 1.364-4.558 | |||||||
| Cerebral embolism⁎⁎ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 321 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 89 | 2.336 | 1.536-3.555 | 2.499 | 1.581-3.949 | 2.551 | 1.615-4.029 | |||
| Vascular phenomena⁎⁎⁎ | 0.168 | |||||||||
| No | 214 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 196 | 0.997 | 0.993-1.001 | |||||||
| Immunologic phenomena | 0.810 | |||||||||
| No | 359 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 51 | 0.929 | 0.509-1.697 | |||||||
| Persistent sepsis despite treatment | 0.171 | |||||||||
| No | 364 | ref | - | |||||||
| Yes | 46 | 1.466 | 0.848-2.536 | |||||||
| Serum creatinine level ≥180 µmol/L | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 291 | ref | - | ref | - | ref | - | |||
| Yes | 119 | 4.113 | 2.776-6.095 | 3.085 | 2.053-4.634 | 3.055 | 2.031-4.594 | |||
Crude and adjusted Cox regressions were performed.
⁎
Stepwise selection, sle=0.20, sls=0.05
+
Covariates resulting from the selection process in the whole sample were forced into the model
⁎⁎
Time dependent covariate
⁎⁎⁎
Time-varying covariate (interaction with time)