Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with the prevalence of enteric bacterial among study participants
| Variables | Enteric bacteria |
Crude OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||||
| Sex | Male | 5 | 79 | 0.54 (0.18–1.66) | 0.28 | ||
| Female | 10 | 86 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Age (years) | 15–24 | 1 | 22 | 0.50 (0.05–4.74) | 0.55 | ||
| 25–34 | 4 | 44 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 35–44 | 6 | 63 | 1.05 (0.28–3.93) | 0.94 | |||
| >45 | 4 | 36 | 1.22 (0.28–5.23) | 0.78 | |||
| Residence | Urban | 11 | 131 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 4 | 34 | 1.401 (0.42–4.67) | 0.58 | |||
| Marital status | Married | 7 | 100 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Unmarried | 1 | 4 | 3.57 (0.35–36.4) | 0.28 | |||
| Divorced | 7 | 42 | 2.38 (0.78–7.21) | 0.13 | |||
| Widowed | 0 | 19 | 0.00 | 0.99 | |||
| Educational status | Illiterate | 6 | 40 | 2.083 (0.7–6.21) | 0.19 | ||
| Literate | 9 | 125 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Occupation | Farmer | 6 | 36 | 2.37 (0.627–9.000) | 0.20 | ||
| Merchant | 2 | 34 | 0.84 (0.146–4.822) | 0.84 | |||
| Government employee | 4 | 57 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Housewife | 0 | 16 | 0.00 | 0.99 | |||
| Labour work | 3 | 22 | 1.94 (0.40–9.39) | 0.41 | |||
| Income level (ETB) | ≤1000 | 6 | 55 | 4.04 (0.46–34.92) | 0.20 | ||
| 1001–200 | 8 | 73 | 4.05 (0.49–33.65) | 0.19 | |||
| >2000 | 1 | 37 | 1 | 1 | |||
| CD4 T-cell count (cells/μL) | <200 | 4 | 16 | 7.42 (1.5–36.3) | 0.01 | 9.55 (1.54–59.3)∗ | 0.015 |
| 200–500 | 8 | 60 | 3.95 (1.01–15.5) | 0.05 | 4 (0.86–14.03) | 0.063 | |
| >500 | 3 | 89 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| COT prophylaxis | Yes | 8 | 56 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 7 | 109 | 0.45 (0.15–1.30) | 0.14 | |||
| Diarrhoea duration | Acute | 10 | 103 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Chronic | 5 | 62 | 0.83 (0.27–2.54) | 0.74 | |||
| History of diarrhoea | Yes | 5 | 74 | 0.62 (0.20–1.88) | 0.39 | ||
| No | 10 | 91 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Diagnosed for OI | Yes | 5 | 62 | 0.83 (0.27–2.54) | 0.74 | ||
| No | 10 | 103 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Stool consistency | Watery | 10 | 122 | 2.38 (0.29–19.31) | 0.42 | ||
| Mucoid | 4 | 14 | 8.28 (0.85–81.19) | 0.07 | |||
| Loose | 1 | 29 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Drinking water source | Protected | 9 | 140 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Unprotected | 6 | 25 | 3.73 (1.22–11.4) | 0.02 | 3.8 (1.07–13.4)∗ | 0.04 | |
| Latrine usage | Private | 8 | 104 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Public | 7 | 61 | 1.49 (0.52–4.32) | 0.461 | |||
| Raw food consumption | Yes | 12 | 81 | 4.15 (1.13–15.24) | 0.032 | 3.5 (0.87–14.03) | 0.08 |
| No | 3 | 84 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Presence of DA | Yes | 12 | 67 | 5.85 (1.6–21.5) | 0.01 | 6.7 (1.63–27.4)∗ | 0.01 |
| No | 3 | 98 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| HW after toileting | Yes | 9 | 102 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 6 | 63 | 1.08 (0.37–3.18) | 0.89 | |||
| HW before meals | Yes | 5 | 81 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 10 | 84 | 1.93 (0.63–5.89) | 0.25 | |||
Abbreviations: 1, reference group; COT, cotrimoxazole; DA, domestic animals; HW, hand washing; OI, opportunistic infections.
Note: ∗p < 0.05.