Table 3.
Bivariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with the prevalence of enteroparasites among study participants
| Variables | Intestinal parasite |
Crude OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||||
| Sex | Male | 31 | 53 | 1.07 (0.58–1.96) | 0.84 | ||
| Female | 34 | 62 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Age (years) | 15–24 | 14 | 9 | 5.91 (1.99–17.57) | 0.001 | ||
| 25–34 | 10 | 38 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 35–44 | 25 | 44 | 2.16 (0.92–5.06) | 0.08 | |||
| >45 | 16 | 24 | 2.53 (0.99,6.49) | 0.05 | |||
| Residence | Urban | 59 | 83 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 6 | 32 | 0.26 (0.10–0.67) | 0.005 | |||
| Marital status | Married | 32 | 75 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Unmarried | 2 | 3 | 1.56 (0.25–9.80) | 0.63 | |||
| Divorced | 22 | 27 | 1.91 (0.95–3.84) | 0.07 | |||
| Widowed | 9 | 10 | 2.11 (0.78–5.68) | 0.14 | |||
| Educational status | Illiterate | 17 | 29 | 1.05 (0.52–2.11) | 0.49 | ||
| Literate | 48 | 86 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Occupation | Farmer | 16 | 26 | 1.26 (0.55–2.87) | 0.58 | ||
| Merchant | 14 | 22 | 1.30 (0.55–3.07) | 0.54 | |||
| Government employee | 20 | 41 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Housewife | 5 | 11 | 0.93 (0.28–3.05) | 0.91 | |||
| Labour work | 10 | 15 | 1.37 (0.52–3.58) | 0.52 | |||
| Income level | ≤1000 | 24 | 37 | 0.99 (0.43–2.28) | 0.99 | ||
| 1001–200 | 26 | 55 | 0.72 (0.33–1.61) | 0.43 | |||
| >2000 | 15 | 23 | 1 | 1 | |||
| CD4 T-cell count (cells/μL) | <200 | 12 | 8 | 4.25 (1.55–11.65) | 0.005 | 3.53 (1.13–17.93)∗ | 0.03 |
| 200–500 | 29 | 39 | 2.11 (1.08–4.11) | 0.03 | 1.53 (0.70–3.31) | 0.28 | |
| >500 | 24 | 68 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| COT prophylaxis | Yes | 29 | 36 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 36 | 79 | 0.57 (0.30–1.06) | 0.07 | |||
| Types of diarrhoea | Acute | 44 | 69 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Chronic | 21 | 46 | 1.4 (0.74–2.65) | 0.30 | |||
| History of diarrhoea | Yes | 35 | 44 | 1.88 (1.02–3.5) | 0.04 | 2.02 (0.97–4.20) | 0.61 |
| No | 30 | 71 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Diagnosed for OI | Yes | 21 | 46 | 0.72 (0.38–1.36) | 0.31 | ||
| No | 44 | 69 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Stool consistency | Watery | 50 | 82 | 1.22 (0.53–2.82) | 0.64 | ||
| Mucoid | 5 | 13 | 0.77 (0.21–2.77) | 0.69 | |||
| Loose | 10 | 20 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Drinking water source | Protected | 57 | 92 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Unprotected | 8 | 23 | 0.56 (0.24–1.34) | 0.19 | |||
| Latrine usage | Private | 41 | 71 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Public | 24 | 44 | 0.94 (0.50–1.77) | 0.86 | |||
| Raw food consumption | Yes | 24 | 69 | 0.39 (0.21–0.73) | 0.003 | ||
| No | 41 | 46 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Presence of DA | Yes | 29 | 50 | 1.05 (0.57–1.93) | 0.88 | ||
| No | 36 | 65 | 1 | 1 | |||
| HW after toileting | Yes | 20 | 91 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| No | 45 | 24 | 8.53 (4.26–17.05) | 0.00 | 8.67 (4.2–17.93)∗ | 0.00 | |
| HW before meals | Yes | 37 | 49 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 28 | 66 | 0.56 (0.304–1.039) | 0.07 | |||
Abbreviations: 1, reference group; COT, cotrimoxazole; DA, domestic animals; HW, hand washing; OI, opportunistic infections.
Note: ∗p < 0.05.