Table 1.

Sample characteristics.

Characteristics	HC (n = 41)		BD (n = 41)		Statistics	p-value
	N	%	N	%
Female	21	51.2	21	51.2
	Mean	SD (Range)	Mean	SD (Range)
Age	45.3	13.8 (First et al., 1995, Sackeim, 2001, Phillips et al., 2008, Patton et al., 1995, Larsen et al., 1987, Hamilton, 1960, Young et al., 1978, Gabay et al., 2014, Harle and Sanfey, 2007, Feinberg et al., 2010, Woo et al., 2014, Corradi-Dell'Acqua et al., 2013, Botvinick et al., 2004, Civai et al., 2012, Xiang et al., 2013, Zhou et al., 2014, Sanfey and Chang, 2008, Grecucci et al., 2013, Harle et al., 2012, Chang et al., 2013, Kelly et al., 2012, Janiri et al., 2019, Swann et al., 2003, Baez et al., 2013, Brambilla et al., 2007)	44.6	13.4 (First et al., 1995, Sackeim, 2001, Phillips et al., 2008, Patton et al., 1995, Larsen et al., 1987, Hamilton, 1960, Young et al., 1978, Gabay et al., 2014, Harle and Sanfey, 2007, Feinberg et al., 2010, Woo et al., 2014, Corradi-Dell'Acqua et al., 2013, Botvinick et al., 2004, Civai et al., 2012, Xiang et al., 2013, Zhou et al., 2014, Sanfey and Chang, 2008, Grecucci et al., 2013, Harle et al., 2012, Chang et al., 2013, Kelly et al., 2012, Janiri et al., 2019, Swann et al., 2003, Baez et al., 2013, Brambilla et al., 2007)	t(80) = -0.25	p = 0.80
Formal education, years	16.8	1.9 (Wright et al., 2011, Hinterbuchinger et al., 2018, Duek et al., 2014, Ferguson et al., 2014, Kanske et al., 2015, McTeague et al., 2017, Etain et al., 2013, First et al., 1995, Sackeim, 2001)	15.5	2.3 (Sanfey et al., 2003, Tabibnia and Lieberman, 2007, Hsu et al., 2008, Wright et al., 2011, Hinterbuchinger et al., 2018, Duek et al., 2014, Ferguson et al., 2014, Kanske et al., 2015, McTeague et al., 2017, Etain et al., 2013, First et al., 1995, Sackeim, 2001)	t(80) = -2.73	p = 0.008
Income	3726	2562 (500–11000)	2727	3440 (404–18000)	t(78) = 1.47	p = 0.146
Current symptoms
HAM-D	0.5	0.9 (0–4)	1.5	1.8 (0–7)	t(75) = 2.91	p = 0.005
YMRS	0.2	0.6 (0–2)	1.2	1.9 (0–6)	t(74) = 2.85	p = 0.006
Clinical characteristics
No. of depressive episodes	–		6.9	6 (1–30)
No of manic episodes	–		5	8.1 (1–50)
Age at illness onset (years)	–		25.2	10.4 (7–51)
Time in remission (months)	–		34.9	41.5 (2–194)
Total med load	–		2.1	1.2 (0–4)
SSRI antidepressants med load	–		0.3	0.7 (0–2)
Other antidepressants med load	–		0.2	0.6 (0–2)
Mood stabilizers med load	–		0.8	0.9 (0–2)
Antipsychotics med load			0.5	0.8 (0–2)
Personality traits
BIS11	56.2	7.7 (38–71)	64.3	10.2 (47–87)	t(80) = 4.07	p < 0.001
AIM	20.4	14.2 (-6–51)	33.1	19.7 (-7–75)	t(80) = 3.36	p = 0.001