Preconception counselling and appropriate obstetric monitoring is recommended in women intending to become pregnant after gonadotoxic treatments (Fossa et al., 2005; Madanat-Harjuoja et al., 2013; Ji et al., 2016; Anderson et al., 2017a; van der Kooi et al., 2018). |
STRONG ⊕⊕⊕◯ |
An interval of at least 1 year following chemotherapy completion is suggested before attempting a pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications (Hartnett et al., 2018). |
STRONG ⊕◯◯◯ |
Radiotherapy to a field that included the uterus increases the risk of pregnancy complications; this risk is age (higher at prepubertal ages) and dose dependent. These pregnancies should be treated as high risk and managed in a centre with advanced maternity services (Sanders et al., 1996; Critchley and Wallace, 2005; Signorello et al., 2010; Teh et al., 2014; Tarin et al., 2016; van de Loo et al., 2019). |
STRONG ⊕◯◯◯ |
After completion of the recommended treatment, pregnancy is safe in women who have survived breast cancer. This is independent of oestrogen receptor status of the tumour (Hartman and Eslick, 2016; Sun et al., 2018; Lambertini et al., 2018b; Lee et al., 2019; Schuurman et al., 2019). |
STRONG ⊕⊕◯◯ |
Pregnancy after treatment for breast cancer should be closely monitored, as there is an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Patients should be informed about these risks (Hartman and Eslick, 2016; Sun et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2019; Schuurman et al., 2019; Lambertini et al., 2019c). |
STRONG ⊕⊕⊕◯ |
Reliable non-hormonal contraception is mandatory during tamoxifen treatment. It is recommended to stop tamoxifen for at least 3 months before attempting pregnancy. |
GPP |
Women with endometrial cancer should be followed up for high-risk pregnancy and monitored by an oncologist due to the risk of relapse (Chao et al., 2011; Park et al., 2013). |
STRONG ⊕◯◯◯ |
The risk of preterm birth is increased after treatment for early cervical cancer and these pregnancies should be treated as high risk and managed in a centre with advanced maternity services (Bentivegna et al., 2016; Kyrgiou et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017). |
STRONG ⊕⊕◯◯ |
Women previously treated for cancer require individual assessment of their obstetric risks and potential additional obstetric surveillance (Longhi et al., 2000; do Rosario et al., 2006; Haggar et al., 2013; Marklund et al., 2018). |
STRONG ⊕◯◯◯ |
Healthcare professionals should have a high level of awareness of the risk of depression and increased dysphoria during and after pregnancy care for transgender men (Light et al., 2014; Obedin-Maliver and Makadon, 2016; Brandt et al., 2019). |
WEAK ⊕◯◯◯ |