Fig. 2.

Scheme of metal-catechol-amine network- (MCAN-) based coating strategy for engineering endothelium-mimicking cardiovascular stent coating. (a) Functions of healthy ECs. HS on ECs has anticoagulant function through binding with antithrombin III (ATIII) to inhibit thrombin molecules existing in a coagulation system. (b) The MCAN-based coating strategy inspired by native endothelium function. The delicate organization of metal ion-Cu²⁺ in the MCAN gives GPx-like activity to the modified surface while a large amount of surface primary amine groups allows sufficient covalent grafting of heparin.