Table 2. Study Methods of AD Diagnosis Ascertainment.
| Method and criteria | Source |
|---|---|
| Direct within-study assessments of participants | |
| The National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria | Bowles et al,10 2017; Driver et al,40 2012; Nudelman et al,39 2014; Realmuto et al,44 2012; Roe et al,43 2005; Roe et al,37 2010; White et al,55 2013 |
| Cognitive testing to evaluate multiple domains of cognitive function | Bowles et al,10 2017; Driver et al,40 2012; Nudelman et al,39 2014 |
| Histopathology | Roe et al,43 2005 |
| Electronic health records | |
| Medical claims using ICD-9 code 331.0 (AD diagnosis) | Chung et al,52 2016; Frain et al,46 2017; Freedman et al,41 2016; Hanson et al,45 2017; Prinelli et al,48 2018; Musicco et al,38 2013; Shahinian et al,51 2006; Smith et al,49 2018; Sun et al,56 2016; Wu et al,54 2011 |
| Medical claims using ICD-9 code 290.0 (dementia, senile), 290.21 (with depressive features), 290.3 (acute confusional state) | Frain et al,46 2017; Shahinian et al,51 2006; Smith et al,49 2018; Sun et al,56 2016; Sun et al,42 2020 |
| Medical claims using ICD-9 code 294 (other organic chronic psychotic conditions), 297 (delusional disorders), 310 (specific nonpsychotic mental disorders due to organic brain damage) | Smith et al,49 2018; Sun et al,56 2016 |
| Medical claims with ICD-10 codes (G30-G30.9-AD diagnosis) | Ording et al,47 2020; Prinelli et al,48 2018; Robinson et al,53 2018; Schmidt et al,9 2017; Sun et al,42 2020 |
| Medical claims with ICD-8 codes | Ording et al,47 2020; Schmidt et al,9 2017 |
| Pharmacy claims for donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine | Chung et al,52 2016; Musicco et al,38 2013; Ng et al,50 2018; Prinelli et al,48 2018; Robinson et al,53 2018 |
| Mortality registry, exemption code for AD | Musicco et al,38 2013; Prinelli et al,48 2018 |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; ICD-8, International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision; ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision.