Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants by Tertile West African Ancestry.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | P value for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 (n = 882) | Tertile 2 (n = 817) | Tertile 3 (n = 767) | ||
| West African ancestry, % (IQR) | 69 (63-74) | 81 (79-83) | 89 (87-92) | |
| APOL1 risk count | <.001 | |||
| 0 | 411 (46.6) | 326 (39.9) | 274 (35.7) | |
| 1 | 385 (43.7) | 376 (46.0) | 343 (44.7) | |
| 2 | 86 (9.8) | 115 (14.1) | 150 (19.6) | |
| Intensive treatment arm | 436 (49.4) | 386 (47.2) | 388 (50.6) | .40 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 65.2 (9.1) | 63.2 (8.7) | 64.3 (9.0) | <.001 |
| Female | 393 (44.6) | 368 (45.0) | 361 (47.1) | .57 |
| College education | 532 (60.2) | 435 (53.2) | 381 (49.7) | <.001 |
| No insurance | 135 (15.3) | 168 (20.6) | 144 (18.8) | .02 |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 140 (16.4) | 140 (16.0) | 140 (16.1) | .84 |
| Diastolic | 80 (12.7) | 82 (12.2) | 81 (12.2) | .01 |
| BMI | 31 (6.1) | 31 (6.4) | 31 (6.5) | .19 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 187 (21.2) | 185 (22.6) | 201 (26.2) | .05 |
| Clinical cardiovascular disease | 101 (11.5) | 84 (10.3) | 76 (9.9) | .56 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 44 (5.0) | 35 (4.3) | 30 (3.9) | .55 |
| Heart failure | 31 (3.5) | 37 (4.5) | 37 (4.8) | .38 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 43 (4.9) | 34 (4.2) | 41 (5.4) | .53 |
| Stroke | 3 (0.3) | 7 (0.9) | 4 (0.5) | .36 |
| Diabetes | 13 (1.5) | 10 (1.2) | 21 (2.7) | .05 |
| Hypertension | 832 (94.3) | 775 (94.9) | 721 (94.0) | .76 |
| Depression | 149 (16.9) | 138 (16.9) | 127 (16.6) | .98 |
| Alcohol abuse | 51 (5.8) | 44 (5.4) | 42 (5.5) | .93 |
| Family history of heart disease | ||||
| No | 323 (36.7) | 323 (39.5) | 302 (39.5) | .43 |
| Yes | 486 (55.2) | 428 (52.4) | 390 (51.0) | |
| Unknown | 72 (8.2) | 66 (8.1) | 73 (9.5) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 372 (42.2) | 348 (42.6) | 367 (47.9) | .01 |
| Former | 320 (36.3) | 259 (31.7) | 225 (29.4) | |
| Current | 189 (21.5) | 210 (25.7) | 174 (22.7) | |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mean (SD), mg/dL | 17.3 (6.6) | 17.2 (6.4) | 17.6 (7.2) | .37 |
| Cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 195.6 (41.9) | 197.5 (42.4) | 195.7 (38.7) | .57 |
| Chloride, mean (SD), mEq/L | 103.1 (2.7) | 103.3 (2.9) | 103.1 (2.7) | .49 |
| Bicarbonate, mean (SD), mEq/L | 26.3 (2.8) | 26.3 (2.8) | 26.5 (2.6) | .39 |
| Urine creatinine, mean (SD), mmol | 155.5 (94.1) | 155.2 (88.2) | 155.2 (89.8) | .99 |
| Glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL | 97.9 (13.9) | 97.7 (16.0) | 97.6 (17.5) | .94 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 54.2 (14.9) | 54.8 (15.1) | 56.5 (15.0) | .01 |
| Potassium, mean (SD), mEq/L | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.4) | .20 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 118.9 (35.0) | 121.1 (37.0) | 118.4 (34.8) | .26 |
| Sodium, mean (SD), mEq/L | 140.4 (2.3) | 140.4 (2.2) | 140.5 (2.2) | .26 |
| Triglycerides, mean (SD), mg/dL | 115.2 (115.6) | 112.7 (131.7) | 105.9 (69.5) | .21 |
| Urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio, mean (SD), μg/mg | 36.7 (113.8) | 61.6 (263.8) | 45.9 (140.8) | .02 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | .01 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 77.9 (23.1) | 76.7 (22.8) | 74.0 (22.8) | .003 |
| QRS duration, mean (SD), ms | 92.7 (16.1) | 92.0 (16.1) | 91.8 (16.0) | .50 |
| Cornell voltage, mean (SD), mV | 1701.5 (715.3) | 1677.5 (733.8) | 1739.9 (724.2) | .23 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy by Cornell voltage (baseline) | 95 (10.8) | 103 (12.6) | 120 (15.6) | .01 |
| Framingham 10-y cardiovascular disease risk, mean (SD) | 18.1 (10.2) | 17.2 (9.9) | 16.7 (9.7) | .01 |
| No. of antihypertensive drugs at start, mean (SD), % | 2.0 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.0) | .73 |
| Aspirin | 373 (42.4) | 317 (38.8) | 317 (41.3) | .32 |
| Statin | 323 (36.8) | 260 (32.0) | 243 (31.9) | .05 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); IQR, interquartile range.
SI conversion factors: To convert blood urea nitrogen to mmol/L, multiply by 0.357; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, and sodium to mmol/L, multiply by 1.0; glucose to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113; creatinine to μmol/L, multiply by 88.4.