Table 1. Baseline Characteristics and Mortality of Patients with COVID-19 Based on the Cardiac Troponin-I level (N = 257).
| Elevated troponinb (n = 71) | Normal troponinc (n = 186) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age, mean (SDa), years | 77(13) | 58(16) | < 0.0001* |
| Sex, female (%) | 35(49) | 87(46) | 0.7174 |
| Body mass index, mean (SDa), kg/m2 | 26(6.6) | 30(7.9) | 0.0002* |
| Race, Black (%) | 13(18) | 30(16) | 0.2786 |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic (%) | 13(18) | 45(24) | 0.3034 |
| Asthma (%) | 4(5) | 17(9) | 0.3509 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease (%) | 2(2) | 5(2) | 0.9621 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 7(10) | 3(1) | 0.0024* |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter (%) | 14(20) | 11(6) | 0.0009* |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 30(42) | 42(22) | 0.0019* |
| Hypertension (%) | 56(79) | 85(45) | < 0.0001* |
| Stroke/transient ischemic attack (%) | 4(5) | 6(3) | 0.3786 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 21(30) | 10(5) | < 0.0001* |
| Chronic heart failure (%) | 11(15) | 7(3) | 0.0011* |
| Severe valvular disease (%) | 2(2) | 1(0.5) | 0.1303 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (%) | 6(8) | 1(0.5) | 0.0020* |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 3(4) | 5(2) | 0.5327 |
| Laboratory data at the time of admission | |||
| Blood urea nitrogen, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 40(31) | 17(12) | < 0.0001* |
| Creatinine, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 1.7(1.3) | 0.9(0.7) | < 0.0001* |
| Sodium, mean (SDa), mEq/L | 139(10) | 136(3) | 0.0235* |
| Random blood glucose level, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 181(131) | 138(68) | 0.0091* |
| Absolute lymphocyte count, mean (SDa) | 2(5) | 1.8(4) | 0.7991 |
| Lactic acid, mean (SDa), mmol/L | 3(4) | 1.2(0.5) | 0.0046* |
| Total bilirubin, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 0.7(0.5) | 0.5(0.3) | 0.0055* |
| Albumin, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 3.5(0.5) | 3.9(0.4) | < 0.0001* |
| In-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice, (%) | 37(52) | 19(10) | < 0.0001* |
*Statistically significant. a± SD. bElevated troponin: ≥ 0.012 ng/mL which falls above the 99th percentile in the blood test based on our facility’s laboratory data. cNormal troponin: < 0.012 ng/mL which falls below the 99th percentile in the blood test based on our facility’s laboratory data. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; SD: standard deviation.