Table 2. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Non-Survivors and Survivors Groups (N = 257).
| Non-survivorsb (n = 56) | Survivorsc (n = 201) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||
| Age, mean (SDa), years | 75(14) | 60(17) | < 0.0001* |
| Sex, female (%) | 29(51) | 93(46) | 0.4839 |
| Body mass index, mean (SDa), kg/m2 | 28(7) | 29(7) | 0.2907 |
| Race, Black (%) | 6(10) | 37(18) | 0.3101 |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic (%) | 13(23) | 45(22) | 0.9144 |
| Asthma (%) | 3(5) | 18(9) | 0.3774 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease (%) | 2(3) | 5(2) | 0.6658 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 3(5) | 7(3) | 0.5281 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter (%) | 12(21) | 13(6) | 0.0009* |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 21(37) | 51(25) | 0.0780 |
| Hypertension (%) | 40(71) | 101(50) | 0.0057 |
| Stroke/TIA (%) | 4(7) | 6(3) | 0.1581 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 9(16) | 22(11) | 0.3060 |
| Chronic heart failure (%) | 7(12) | 11(5) | 0.0707 |
| Severe valvular disease (%) | 2(3) | 1(0.5) | 0.0594 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (%) | 3(5) | 4(2) | 0.3477 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 1(1) | 7(3) | 0.5131 |
| Laboratory data at the time of admission | |||
| Blood urea nitrogen, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 37(30) | 19(17) | < 0.0001* |
| Creatinine, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 1.5(1.2) | 1(0.9) | 0.0097* |
| Random blood glucose level, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 194(128) | 138(75) | 0.0026* |
| Absolute lymphocyte count, mean (SDa), × 103 cells/µL | 1.2(1.2) | 2(5.5) | 0.0499* |
| Sodium, mean (SDa), mEq/L | 138(9) | 136(4) | 0.0903 |
| Lactic acid, mean (SDa), mmol/L | 3(4) | 1(0.5) | 0.0035* |
| Total bilirubin, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 0.7(0.5) | 0.5(0.2) | 0.0045* |
| Elevated troponind (%) | 37 (66) | 34(17) | < 0.0001* |
| Albumin, mean (SDa), mg/dL | 3.5(0.4) | 3.8(0.4) | 0.0004* |
*Statistically significant. a± SD. bNon-survivors: patients died during the index hospitalization or discharged to hospice. cSurvivors: Patients were discharged home alive. dElevated troponin: ≥ 0.012 ng/ml which falls above the 99th percentile in the blood test based on our facility’s laboratory data. SD: standard deviation; TIA: transient ischemic attack.