Table 2. Comparison of Kihon Checklist Score and Anxiety Levels Among Three Groups.
| Non-frailty (n = 75) | Pre-frailty (n = 81) | Frailty (n = 99) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kihon Checklist | ||||
| Instrumental activities of daily living | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1.7a, b | < 0.01 |
| Physical function | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 1.1a | 2.4 ± 1.4a, b | < 0.01 |
| Nutritional status | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.6a | 0.8 ± 0.7a, b | < 0.01 |
| Oral function | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.8a | 1.5 ± 0.9a, b | < 0.01 |
| Social activities | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.5a | 0.8 ± 0.7a, b | < 0.01 |
| Cognitive function | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.6a | 0.8 ± 0.9a, b | < 0.01 |
| Depressive mood | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 1.2a | 3.0 ± 1.5a, b | < 0.01 |
| STAI | ||||
| State anxiety | 34.9 ± 1.0 | 37.7 ± 0.9 | 41.6 ± 0.9a | < 0.01 |
| Trait anxiety | 35.1 ± 1.1 | 39.2 ± 1.0a | 45.5 ± 0.9a, b | < 0.01 |
Data are presented as the mean value ± SD. aP < 0.05 vs. non-frailty. bP < 0.05 vs. pre-frailty by Tukey’s honest significant difference test. STAI: state-trait anxiety inventory.