Table 3.
Baseline HIV testing by study arm, TRUST study 2016–18
| Total | Intervention | Control | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary (N = 188) | Friend (N = 188) | Primary (N = 89) | Friend (N = 90) | Primary (N = 99) | Friend (N = 98) | ||
| HIV testing | |||||||
| Ever HIV tested | 174 (92.5%) | 173 (93.5%) | 83 (92.2%) | 88 (93.6%) | 91 (92.86%) | 85 (93.4%) | Χ2 statistic = .01, 1 df, p-value = 0.920 |
| Number of times tested (lifetime) | Χ2 statistic = 1.35, 3 df, p-value = 0.719 | ||||||
| 1–2 times | 28 (16.1%) | 42 (52.5%) | 12 (14.5%) | 21 (24.1%) | 16 (17.6%) | 14 (16.5%) | |
| 3–4 times | 44 (25.3%) | 25 (31.2%) | 24 (28.9%) | 14 (16.1%) | 20 (22.0%) | 26 (30.6%) | |
| 5–9 times | 35 (20.1%) | 12 (15.0%) | 15 (18.1%) | 26 (29.9%) | 20 (22.0%) | 20 (23.5%) | |
| 10 or more times | 67 (38.5%) | 1 (1.2%) | 32 (38.5%) | 26 (29.9%) | 35 (38.5%) | 25 (29.4%) | |
| Most recent test | Fisher’s exact test p-value = 0.806 | ||||||
| In the last 3 months | 84 (48.3%) | 80 (46.2%) | 40 (48.19%) | 39 (44.3%) | 44 (48.3%) | 41 (48.2%) | |
| 4–6 months ago | 47 (27.0%) | 42 (24.3%) | 20 (24.1%) | 25(28.4%) | 27 (29.7%) | 17 (20%) | |
| 7–12 months ago | 29 (16.7%) | 17 (9.8%) | 16 (19.28%) | 4 (4.6%) | 13 (14.3%) | 13 (15.3%) | |
| Don't know but in the last year | 3 (1.7%) | 4 (2.3%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (1.1%) | 2 (2.2%) | 3 (3.5%) | |
| More than 1 year ago | 6 (3.4%) | 26 (15%) | 4 (4.8%) | 16 (18.2%) | 2 (2.2%) | 10 (11.8%) | |
| Don't know but more than a year ago | 5 (2.9%) | 4 (2.3%) | 2 (2.4%) | 3 (3.4%) | 3 (3.3%) | 1 (1.2%) | |
| If not in P3M, why? | N = 90 | N = 93 | N = 43 | N = 49 | N = 47 | N = 44 | # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| It was not time for me to test again | 30 (33.3%) | 26 (28.0%) | 9 (20.9%) | 10 (20.4%) | 21 (44.7%) | 16 (36.4%) | |
| I think I'm at low risk for HIV | 16 (17.8%) | 13 (14.0%) | 5 (11.6%) | 9 (18.4%) | 11 (23.4%) | 4 (9.1%) | |
| I'm afraid to find out I have HIV | 7 (17.8%) | 3 (3.2%) | 3 (7.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 4 (8.5%) | 2 (4.5%) | |
| I did not have time | 27 (30.0%) | 22 (23.7%) | 15 (34.9%) | 10 (20.4%) | 12 (25.5%) | 12 (27.3%) | |
| I did not know where to go for a test | 8 (8.9%) | 3 (3.2%) | 3 (7.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 5 (10.6%) | 2 (4.5%) | |
| I did not have enough money or insurance for a test | 3 (3.3%) | 0 (–) | 2 (4.7%) | 0 (–) | 1 (2.1%) | 0 (–) | |
| I did not want other people to know that I got a test | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (2.3%) | |
| If I test positive, I wouldn't know where to go for treatment or how to pay for it | 1 (1.1%) | 3 (3.2%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (–) | 2 (4.5%) | |
| If I test positive, I will be rejected by my friends or family | 3 (3.3%) | – | 1 (2.3%) | 0 (–) | 2 (4.3%) | 0 (–) | |
| I don't want my result reported to the health department | 2 (2.2%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 2 (4.3%) | 2 (4.5%) | |
| I had a bad experience the last time I got tested | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 1 (2.1%) | 0 (–) | |
| Other | 10 | 4 (4.4%) | 8 (18.6%) | 2 (4.0%) | 2 (4.3%) | 2 (4.5%) | |
| HIV self–test ever? | (11.1%) | Χ2 statistic = 0.64, 1 df, p–value = 0.423 | |||||
| Yes | 27 (14.4%) | 20 (10.6%) | 11 (12.2%) | 10 (1.1%) | 16 (16.3%) | 10 (10.2%) | |
| No | 161 (85.6%) | 168 (89.4%) | 79 (87.8%) | 80 (87.9%) | 82 (83.7%) | 88 (89.8%) |
| If HST ever, what type? | N = 27 | N = 20 | N = 11 | N = 10 | N = 16 | N = 10 | # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HomeAccess® HIV-1 Test System | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (–) | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | |
| OraQuick® In-Home HIV Test (you swab your mouth, use the testing device yourself and read the results in 20 min) | 23 (85.2%) | 16 (80.0%) | 9 (81.8%) | 8 (80.0%) | 14 (87.5%) | 8 (80.0%) | |
| SureCheck® HIV Home Test | 0 (–) | 4 (20.0%) | 0 (–) | 3 (30.0%) | 0 (–) | 1 (10.0%) | |
| A test that is used at testing clinics or by health professionals | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 1 (6.3%) | 0 (–) | |
| I don' know | 3 (11.1%) | 2 (10.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (–) | 2 (12.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | |
| Other | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 0 (–) | 1 (6.3%) | 0 (–) | |
| HST P3M? | Fisher’s exact test p-value = 0.173 | ||||||
| Yes | 9 (4.8%) | 3 (1.6%) | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (1.1%) | 7 (7.4%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
| No | 179 (95.2%) | 182 (93.4%) | 88 (97.8%) | 93 (98.9%) | 91 (92.9%) | 89 (97.8%) | |
| HST intention | Χ2 statistic = 2.15, 3 df, p-value = 0.542 | ||||||
| Very unlikely | 26 (13.8%) | 18 (9.7%) | 13 (14.4%) | 10 (10.6%) | 13 (13.3%) | 8 (8.8%) | |
| Somewhat unlikely | 15 (8%) | 36 (19.5%) | 7 (7.8%) | 21 (22.3%) | 8 (8.2%) | 15 (16.5%) | |
| Somewhat likely | 62 (33%) | 65 (35.1%) | 25 (27.8%) | 34 (36.2%) | 37 (37.8%) | 31 (34.1%) | |
| Very likely | 85 (45.2%) | 66 (35.7%) | 45 (53%) | 29 (30.9%) | 41 (40.8%) | 37 (40.7%) | |
| HST intention? (with buddy) | Χ2 statistic = 1.55, 3 df, p-value = 0.671 | ||||||
| Very unlikely | 20 (12.4%) | 19 (12.9%) | 7 (9.2%) | 11 (14.9%) | 13 (15.3%) | 8 (11%) | |
| Somewhat unlikely | 17 (10.5%) | 17 (11%) | 9 (11.6%) | 8 (10.8%) | 8 (9.4%) | 9 (12.3%) | |
| Somewhat likely | 66 (40.7%) | 55 (37.9%) | 32 (42.6%) | 28 (37.8%) | 34 (51.5%) | 27 (37%) | |
| Very likely | 59 (36.4%) | 56 (37.9%) | 29 (37.7%) | 27 (36.5%) | 30 (35.3%) | 29 (39.7%) | |
| HIV test self-efficacy | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.6) | Χ2 statistic = 2.71, 1 df, p-value = 0.100a |
| HIV testing knowledge | 2.8(0.5) | 2.9(0.5) | 2.7(0.6) | 2.8(0.6) | 2.8(0.4) | 2.9(0.5) | Χ2 statistic = 0.606, 1 df, p-value = 0.436 a |
| HIV testing plan (“I have a regular testing plan”) | Χ2 statistic = 2.53, 3 df, p-value = 0.470 | ||||||
| Strongly agree | 79 (42.7%) | 71 (39.2%) | 43(48.31%) | 37 (39.8%) | 36 (37.5%) | 34 (38.6%) | |
| Agree | 96 (51.89%) | 92 (50.8%) | 42 (47.19%) | 47 (50.5%) | 54 (56.25%) | 45 (51.1%) | |
| Disagree | 6 (3.24%) | 9 (5%) | 2 (2.25%) | 5 (5.4%) | 4 (4.17%) | 4 (4.6%) | |
| Strongly disagree | 4 (2.16%) | 9 (5%) | 2 (2.25%) | 4 (4.3%) | 2 (2.08%) | 5 (5.7%) |
Statistical tests contrast the Primary’s treatment assignment groups
aKruskal-Wallis test
#Chi-square test not performed due to small cell counts