Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for each elbow movement and measurement modality in degrees

	Visual estimation (°)	Goniometer (°)	Smartphone (°)
Flexion
Range	70–160	75–163	73–159
Median	142.5	145.0	145.0
Extension
Range	–5–80	–7–80	–7–81
Median	0.0	–2.0	–1.5
Supination
Range	10–90	20–94	20–94
Median	90.0	87.5	87.5
Pronation
Range	30–90	20–89	23–91
Median	80.0	81.5	82.0