Table 2.
Adherence, delirium, sedation, stress, anxiety, pain, and clinical outcomes by randomized groups
| Variable | Personalized music (n = 17) |
Relaxing slow-tempo music (n = 17) |
Audiobook (attention control) (n = 18) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adherence | ||||
| No. of sessions administered, median (IQR) | 11.2 (4-13) | 10.5 (7-13) | 4.7 (2-8) | .02 |
| Percentage of eligible sessions delivered, median (IQR) | 80 (30-90) | 80 (50-90) | 30 (10-60) | .02 |
| Delirium and sedation | ||||
| No. of delirium/coma-free days by day 7, median (IQR) | 2 (1-6) | 3 (1-6) | 2 (0-3) | .32 |
| Delirium severitya during intervention period, median (IQR) | 5.5 (1-7) | 3.5 (0-7) | 4 (1-6.5) | .78 |
| Level of sedationb during intervention period, median (IQR) | −1.8 (−3.5 to 0.2) | −0.8 (−3.6 to 0.0) | −1 (−1.8 to 0.5) | .64 |
| Stress, anxiety, pain | ||||
| Change in heart rate,c mean (SD), beats per minute | −2.2 (3.7) | 1.4 (3.7) | −3.7 (6.8) | .02 |
| Change in systolic blood pressure,c mean (SD), mm Hg | −3.4 (9.2) | 2.9 (8.9) | −3.5 (6.7) | .14 |
| Change in diastolic blood pressure,c mean (SD), mm Hg | 0.9 (5.8) | 1.6 (3.3) | −4.5 (5.8) | .02 |
| Change in anxiety score by day 7,d mean (SD) | 0.103 (0.112) | −0.043 (0.155) | −0.162 (0.162) | .27 |
| Change in pain score by day 7,d mean (SD) | 0.001 (0.058) | −0.052 (0.084) | −0.096 (0.086) | .52 |
| Mobility | ||||
| Achieving standing or greater, No. (%) of patients | 5 (33) | 9 (75) | 8 (53) | .11 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation | ||||
| No. of ventilator-free days during intervention period, median (IQR) | 1 (0-5) | 3 (0-6) | 2 (0-5) | .64 |
| Mortality | ||||
| ICU mortality, No. (%) of patients | 2 (12) | 1 (6) | 3 (17) | .86 |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
Delirium severity was defined as the median of daily scores on the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit-7 for each patient: 0-2, no delirium; 3-5, mild to moderate delirium; 6 or 7, severe delirium.
Level of sedation was defined as the median of the mean daily scores on the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) for each patient (0, alert and calm); more negative RASS scores indicate deeper sedation, whereas more positive RASS scores indicate increased agitation.
Defined as the mean difference (value after the intervention minus the value before the intervention).
Analyzed by using mixed-effects models. Patients self-reported anxiety on a visual analog scale (0 = no distress to 4+ very severe distress). Pain scores were from the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool.