TABLE 3.

Summary results of factors related to fruit and vegetable consumption and purchase among WIC participants based on national, state, and local level¹

	National			State			Local
Themes	Positive,2n, outcome (references)	Negative,3n, outcome (references)	Neutral,4n, outcome (references)	Positive, n, outcome (references)	Negative, n, outcome (references)	Neutral, n, outcome (references)	Positive, n, outcome (references)	Negative, n, outcome (references)	Neutral, n, outcome (references)
1. 2009 WIC Revision	2 FV (24, 25)	0	0	2 FV (26, 27)	0	0	1 F (31)	1 V (28), 1 FV (32)	1 F (28), 3 FV (29–31)
2. WIC participation	2 F (34, 35), 1 FV (33)	1 F (36)	1 FV (34), 1V (36)	0	0	0	2 FV (38, 39)	0	1 FV (40)
3. Individual factors	0	0	0	0	0	0	2 FV (43, 47), 2 V (41, 44)	1 FV (41)	0
4. Farmers’ markets	0	0	0	0	0	0	4 FV (49, 50, 52, 54)	0	1 FV (51)
5. Store- and clinic-level factors	0	0	0	2 CVV (55, 56)	0	0	1 CVV (57)	0	0
6. Program intervention	1 FV (58)	0	0	0	1 V (61)	1 F (61)	1 F (59)	1 V (59)	0
7. FV price	0	1 (62)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

¹Qualitative and descriptive studies were excluded; any one study can present positive, negative, or neutral results depending on the outcomes. CVV, cash value voucher; F, fruits; FV, fruits and vegetables; V, vegetables.

²Positive = significant positive association with the outcome.

³Negative = significant negative association with the outcome.

⁴Neutral = no significant association with the outcome.