TABLE 3.
Summary of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between total vegetable and fruit consumption and other cancer prognosis1
| Cancer site | Outcome n (cases) | Follow-up (years) | Gender age (years) | Dietary assessment | Exposure categorization | HR/RR (95% CI) timeframe(2) | Adjustments | Author, year (ref.) (country) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHL | ACM301 (91) | 8.2 (median) | M/F20–75 | FFQ | V: T3 (>102.1) vs. T1 (<66.1) g/1000 kcal*dF: T3 (>138.1) vs. T1 (<69.5) g/1000 kcal*dV+F: T3 (>239.7) vs. T1 (<147.8) g/1000 kcal*d | 2 HR: 0.9 (0.5, 1.5)2HR: 0.9 (0.5, 1.6)2HR: 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) | Age, sex, education, smoking status, and total energy intake | Ollberding et al., 2013 (63) (USA) |
| NHL | ACM568 (250)CCSM568 (148) | 7.7 (median)11.8 (max) | Female21–84 | FFQ | V: ≥3 s/d vs. <3 s/d (cut-off)F: ≥2 s/d vs. <2 s/d (cut-off)V+F: ≥5 s/d vs. <5 s/d (cut-off)V: ≥3 s/d vs. <3 s/d (cut-off)F: ≥2 s/d vs. <2 s/d (cut-off)V+F: ≥5 s/d vs. <5 s/d (cut-off) | 2 HR: 0.58 (0.38, 0.89)2HR: 0.91 (0.70, 1.18)2HR: 0.68 (0.49, 0.95)2HR: 0.58 (0.33, 1.03)2HR: 1.04 (0.74, 1.45)2HR: 0.58 (0.33, 1.03) | Age, education, stage, B-symptom, initial treatment, and total energy intake | Han et al., 2010 (54)(USA) |
| NHL | ACM2339 (1348)CCSM2339 (903) | 4.5 ± 4.1 (mean ± SD) | M/F45–75 (mean at diagnosis: 71.8) | FFQ | V: T3 (≥179.9) vs. T1 (<120.8) g/1000 kcal/dF: T3 (≥201.3) vs. T1 (<98.6) g/1000 kcal/dV: T3 (≥179.9) vs. T1 (<120.8) g/1000 kcal/dF: T3 (≥201.3) vs. T1 (<98.6) g/1000 kcal/d | 2 HR: 0.98 (0.85, 1.12)2HR: 1.03 (0.90, 1.19)2HR: 0.98 (0.83, 1.16)2HR: 1.04 (0.88, 1.24) | Age at cohort entry, age at diagnosis, 5-y survival, sex, BMI, education, comorbidity, NHL type, stage, treatment, smoking status, and alcohol intake | Leo et al., 2016 (55) (USA) |
| Melanoma | CCSM249 (92) | 16 (median) | M/FCategories: ≤65 and >65 | DQ | F: at least daily vs. less than daily | 2 HR: 0.66 (0.42, 1.04) | Breslow thickness, age at diagnosis, sex, ulceration, and microsatellitosis | Gould Rothberga et al., 2014 (39) (USA) |
1
ACM, all-cause mortality; CCSM, cancer cause-specific mortality; DQ, dietary questionnaire; F, fruit; M/F, males and females; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; ref., reference; RR, risk ratio; s/d, servings/day; V, vegetables; V+F, vegetables and fruit.
2
Prediagnosis.