Table 5. Uses of IVUS in contemporary PCI.

Indications	Comments
Lesion assessment
Indeterminate lesions	FFR gold-standard
Plaque characterization	Plaque morphology, composition, vulnerable plaque
Plaque burden
Plaque distribution	Eccentricity index
Stenting
Stent sizing
Stent length
Landing zone assessment
IVUS-marking and real-time deployment	Obtains optimal angiographic view for deployment
Stent expansion	Note various criteria
Strut apposition
Edge dissection
Tissue protrusion
Mechanisms of stent failure
Neointimal hyperplasia
CTO PCI
Resolving proximal cap ambiguity	Often using a side-branch
Delineating proximal cap morphology
Confirming proximal cap puncture
Wire location with respect to true lumen
IVUS-guided wiring and 3-dimensional wiring

FFR, fractional flow reserve; CTO, chronic total occlusion; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.