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editorial
. 2020 Oct;10(5):1725–1734. doi: 10.21037/cdt-20-426

Table 1. Pre-operative assessment of RV failure illustrating some “red-flag” indicators.

Red flag indicators Adult Infant/child
Symptoms Fatigue/exercise intolerance/dyspnea on exertion Fatigue/inability to keep up with peers/long naps
Pre-syncope or syncope Syncope
Feeding intolerance Feeding intolerance/diaphoresis
Cachexia Poor growth curve
Signs Tachycardia/S3 gallop/parasternal heave Tachycardia/S3 gallop/parasternal heave
Tachypnea Tachypnea
Elevated JVP Peri-orbital/ankle/presacral edema
Ankle/presacral edema Abdominal distension/ascites
Abdominal distension/ascites Hepatomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Serum markers Elevated plasma Cr, Bilirubin/BNP/NT-proBNP Elevated plasma Cr, Bilirubin/BNP/NT-proBNP
ECG Sinus tachycardia Sinus tachycardia
Atrial arrythmias Atrial arrythmias
Echocardiography parameters IVS bowing (end-systole or end-diastole) into LV IVS bowing (end-systole or end-diastole) into LV
RVFAC <25% RVFAC <25%
TAPSE <1.4 cm TAPSE <2SD of age-related values
RV longitudinal strain ≤–15% RV longitudinal strain

RV, right ventricular; JVP, jugular venous pressure; Cr, creatinine; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; ECG, electrocardiogram; IVS, interventricular septum; LV, left ventricle; RVFAC, right ventricle fractional area change; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.