Table 3.

Baseline comparison of hTNF and lTNF depressive patients^*.

		hTNF (high PBMC TNF production group) (N = 36)	lTNF (low PBMC TNF production group) (N = 37)
		Mean (sd)	Mean (sd)	p	d
A: Cytokines produced by PHA stimulated PBMC
Acute inflammatory response cytokines
	TNFα (pg/ml)	282.47 (488.33)	13.94 (7.54)	0.001	−0.783
	IL1β (pg/ml)	44.99 (114.05)	2.40 (3.08)	0.026	−0.532
	IL6 (pg/ml)	1,371.99 (3,171.64)	51.69 (120.81)	0.014	−0.592
NK and TH1 cell promoting cytokines
	IL12p70 (pg/ml)	3.92 (5.36)	2.21 (2.11)	0.076	−0.422
TH1 cytokines
	IFNγ (pg/ml)	55.82 (78.37)	3.65 (6.20)	<0.001	−0.945
TH17 cytokines
	IL17A (pg/ml)	9.64 (13.60)	1.47 (3.42)	0.001	−0.828
TH2 cytokines
	IL4 (pg/ml)	0.90 (1.37)	0.05 (0.11)	<0.001	−0.879
	IL5 (pg/ml)	1.02 (1.62)	0.64 (0.63)	0.18	−0.313
Eosinophil chemotactic cytokines
	Eotaxin (pg/ml)	7.02 (8.13)	1.14 (1.54)	<0.001	−1.013
Inflammation regulating cytokines
	IL2 (pg/ml)	14.63 (22.39)	2.14 (2.73)	0.001	−0.789
	IL10 (pg/ml)	9.16 (24.83)	1.36 (0.90)	0.060	−0.447
B: Broad biomarkers of systemic inflammation in serum
	CRP (mg/dl)	2.16 (3.00)	1.12 (1.67)	0.078	−0.429
	HMGB1 (ng/ml)	3.54 (3.17)	3.53 (2.63)	0.87	−0.005
	Leptin (ng/ml)	10.93 (8.40)	13.15 (14.80)	0.50	0.184
C: Self-report data
HADS	“Summary score”	22.38 (7.85)	22.20 (6.65)	0.73	−0.025
	“Anxiety”	11.05 (4.60)	10.70 (4.24)	0.86	−0.079
	“Depression”	11.32 (4.56)	11.50 (4.21)	0.86	0.041

^*Metric data were compared by students t-test for independent samples with bootstrap method (1,000 sampling). Please note that the cut-off for moderate depression is 11, the cut-off for major depressive disorder is 14/15 (45; 46).

All values, which have a p < 0.05 are printed bold to highlight significant differences.