TABLE 1.

Demographic data of psychosocial factors, smartphone, and Instagram usage patterns between the PIGU group and control group.

	PIGU group		Control group
	Mean ± SD	Minimum–Maximum	Mean ± SD	Minimum–Maximum	p-value
Subject’s age (years)	22.2 ± 0.86	21–24	21.67 ± 1.18	20–23	0.168
Duration of SPU (years)	6.8 ± 1.82	4–10	5.03 ± 1.85	3–9	0.014*
Avg. SPU time (hours)	7.47 ± 4.47	2–17	3.67 ± 2.32	0.5–8	0.007*
Avg. Instagram use time (hours/day)	2.46 ± 1.40	1–6	0.88 ± 0.45	0–1.5	0.001*
Duration on Instagram (years)	4.33 ± 1.35	2–6	3 ± 1.93	0–7	0.036*
Texting (hours/day)	3.93 ± 0.79	3–5	3 ± 1.30	1–5	0.026*
Updating stories (hours/day)	3.4 ± 1.05	2–5	2.4 ± 0.91	1–4	0.010*
Live video streaming (hours/day)	1.86 ± 0.91	1–4	1.4 ± 0.73	1–3	0.135
Video call (hours/day)	2.33 ± 0.97	1–4	1.66 ± 0.97	1–4	0.072
Depression	11.07 ± 7.32	2–22	5.07 ± 5.18	0–16	0.016*
Anxiety	10.40 ± 6.24	2–24	4.93 ± 2.60	0–10	0.009*
Stress	13.73 ± 7.70	2–24	5.60 ± 5.41	0–18	0.003*
BIS	73.07 ± 66.8	62–85	66.8 ± 5.77	55–76	0.010*

*Significant at p < 0.05. SPU, smartphone usage; PIGU, problematic Instagram usage; Avg, average; BIS, Barrett’s impulsiveness scale.