| Presenting features |
Patients with compressive symptoms or dyspnea may require surgery regardless of the status of the nodule. However, if the diagnosis is lymphoma or anaplastic carcinoma, oncologic management is warranted |
| Prior biopsies or evaluations |
Prior biopsies and evaluations at outside institution may provide insight into the current situation |
| Radiation exposure |
Patients in areas of nuclear disaster are at risk of thyroid and other cancers |
| Family history of thyroid cancer |
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) |
| • Non-syndromic FNMTC (~95%) |
| Most are papillary thyroid carcinoma |
| • Syndromic FNMTC (~5%) |
| Familial adenomatosis polyposis syndrome |
| PTEN-Hamartoma (Cowden) syndrome |
| Carney Complex Type I |
| DICER 1 syndrome |
| Familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) |
| • Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (95%) |
| • Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (5%) |
| Thyroid function tests |
Hyperthyroidism, autoimmune disorders |
| Parathyroid hormone and serum calcium |
Parathyroid disease |
