Table 4.

Image findings, treatments, and outcomes of children with COVID-19 analyzed by meta-analysis.

Variable	Number of studies	Mean/prevalence	95% CI	N	Heterogeneity tests
					Q	I2	t2	p
Image findings (%)
Normal	45	26	18–35	413	588.99	92.53	0.29	<0.001
Unilateral pneumonia	28	30	25–35	237	45.04	40.05	0.02	0.02
Bilateral pneumonia	25	40	31–50	234	116.13	79.33	0.15	<0.001
Ground-glass opacity	38	33	26–40	318	157.54	76.51	0.13	<0.001
Pulmonary consolidation	13	10	5–16	29	19.66	38.95	0.03	0.07
Ground-glass opacities and consolidation	5	44	20–69	44	21.70	81.56	0.25	<0.001
Pleural effusion	6	1	0–6	7	8.26	39.50	0.02	0.14
Subpleural lesions	7	35	5–72	46	159.39	96.24	0.80	<0.001
White lung	4	2	0–6	5	3.46	13.24	0.01	0.33
Treatment (%)
Oxygen therapy	11	22	10–38	45	61.58	83.76	0.21	<0.001
Mechanical ventilation	6	9	1–23	26	36.92	86.46	0.17	<0.001
Interferon-alpha	18	81	64–95	254	187.34	90.93	0.53	<0.001
Ribavirin	12	57	26–86	158	216.91	94.93	0.94	<0.001
Oseltamivir	5	33	7–67	33	42.38	90.56	0.46	<0.001
Lopinavir/ritonavir	9	54	31–76	82	70.50	88.65	0.40	<0.001
Glucocorticoids	11	13	5–24	30	44.36	77.45	0.13	<0.001
Antibiotics	17	37	21–53	197	166.50	90.39	0.36	<0.001
Immunoglobulin	8	15	3–32	21	44.13	84.14	0.19	<0.001
Traditional Chinese medicine	6	31	14–50	36	17.15	70.84	0.12	<0.001
ICU (%)	7	7	1–14	34	26.97	77.75	0.06	<0.001
Outcomes (%)
Discharged	33	79	68–88	649	290.79	89.00	0.32	<0.001
Death	3	1	0–2	6	4.68	57.27	0.01	0.1

Q, Cochran's Q statistic for heterogeneity; I², I² Index for the degree of heterogeneity; t², tau-squared measure of heterogeneity.