Table 3.
Factors Associated with MDR TB and Anti-TB Drug Resistance in Makkah, KSA
| Variables | MDR Tuberculosis | Anti-TB Drug-Resistant TB | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% Confidence Interval) |
p-value |
Adjusted¥ OR (95% Confidence Interval) |
p-value |
Crude OR (95% Confidence Interval) |
p-value |
Adjusted¥ OR (95% Confidence Interval) |
p-value |
|
| Age | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.732 | 1.094 (1.016–1.179) | 0.017* | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.297 | 1.04 (1.004–1.071) | 0.029* |
| Gender Male Female |
1 0.65 (0.13–3.32) |
0.602 |
– |
– |
1 0.99 (0.41–2.38) |
0.980 |
– |
– |
| Nationality Saudi Non-Saudi |
1 1.58 (0.36–6.85) |
0.541 |
– |
– |
1 0.58 (0.25–1.35) |
0.206 |
– |
– |
| Residence Makkah Other |
1 0.00 (0.00–0.00) |
0.998 |
– |
– |
1 0.16 (0.02–1.26) |
0.082 |
– | – |
| Smoking Never Ever |
1 12.0 (1.42–101.62) |
0.023 |
1 72.1 (2.41–2157.8) |
0.014* |
1 1.83 (0.74–4.54) |
0.192 |
1 2.14 (0.79–5.82) |
0.136 |
| BMI Normal Underweight Overweight/obese |
1 2.59 (0.24–27.66) 1.80 (0.38–8.37) |
0.430 0.456 |
– |
– |
1 2.18 (0.49–9.64) 1.39 (0.57–3.37) |
0.305 0.471 |
1 3.90 (0.69–22.06) 1.57 (0.56–4.38) |
0.124 0.390 |
| Chronic disease No Yes |
1 0.20 (0.02–1.64) |
0.133 |
1 0.20 (0.001–0.37) |
0.009* |
1 0.56 (0.23–1.38) |
0.210 |
1 0.45 (0.14–1.46) |
0.184 |
| TB site Pulmonary Extrapulmonary |
1 2.30 (0.43–12.2) |
0.329 |
– |
– |
1 0.78 (0.21–2.88) |
0.715 |
– |
– |
| Lung disease No Yes |
1 2.92 (031–27.10) |
0.346 |
1 43.08 (1.06–1746.9) |
0.046* |
1 0.68 (0.08–5.78) |
0.725 |
– |
– |
| Previous TB No Yes |
1 7.6 (1.60–36.0) |
0.011 |
1 55.4 (3.26–941.4) |
0.005* |
1 1.36 (0.35–5.26) |
0.652 |
1 2.29 (0.46–11.36) |
0.310 |
Notes: ¥Mutually adjusted for each other. *p-value <0.05. – not included in the multivariate model.