Table 1.
Demographic and Exposure Characteristics of Patients with Acute Imidacloprid Exposure
| Characteristics | Number of Cases (%) |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Male | 91 (55.8) |
| Female | 72 (44.2) |
| Age in years, mean ± SD (min-max) | 41.3 ± 22.2 (2–88) |
| Region of exposure | |
| Northeast | 57 (35.0) |
| Central | 48 (29.5) |
| North | 22 (13.5) |
| East | 14 (8.6) |
| West | 12 (7.4) |
| South | 10 (6.1) |
| Route of exposure | |
| Oral | 152 (93.3) |
| Inhalation | 7 (4.3) |
| Dermal | 2 (1.2) |
| Ocular | 1 (0.6) |
| Dermal and inhalation | 1 (0.6) |
| Concentrations and formulations | |
| 70% WG/WS | 80 (49.0) |
| 10% w/v SL | 31 (19.0) |
| 5% w/v EC | 8 (4.9) |
| 35% w/v EC | 3 (1.8) |
| 10% WG | 3 (1.8) |
| 0.5% w/w | 3 (1.8) |
| 20% w/v EC | 1 (0.6) |
| 0.03% w/v | 1 (0.6) |
| Unknown | 33 (20.2) |
| aEstimated amount in grams, median (IQR); | 2.5 (1.4–5.0) |
| - Intentional exposure | 2.5 (1.4–5.6) |
| - Accidental exposure | 2.5 (1.4–3.75) |
| bTime to hospital in hours, median (IQR) | 1 (0.5–2.7) |
| Admitted to the hospital | |
| No | 28 (17.2) |
| Yes | 135 (82.8) |
| Length of stay in days, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) |
Notes: aData on estimated amount of ingestion were available for 68 patients; intentional exposure for 55 patients, accidental exposure for 13 patients. bDuration from exposure to arrival at healthcare facility.
Abbreviations: WG/WS, water-dispersible granules/powders; w/v, weight by volume; SL, soluble concentrates; w/w, weight by weight; EC, emulsifiable concentrates.