Table 3.
Antibody and Autoantibody Prevalence, and the Manifestation of Sjögren’s Syndrome
| No. | Author(Year) | Subjects (n) | (+) Agent Antibody | Sicca Syndrome | Sjögren’s Syndrome | (+)Anti-SSA or Anti-SSB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytomegalovirus | ||||||
| 1. | Fleck et al (1998) | 4 | 4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 |
| 2. | Ohyama et al (2006) | 4 | 4 | 2/4 | 1/4 | 0/4 |
| Epstein–Barr Virus | ||||||
| 3. | Nagata et al (2004) | 22 | 8/12 (SS) | 12/22 | 12/22 | 6/12 (SS) |
| 4. | Inoue et al (2012) | 38 | 6/19 (SS) | 9/38 | 19/38 | 6/19 (SS) |
| 5. | Kivity et al (2014) | 221 | 21 (SS)/11 | - | 82/221 | 64/221 |
| 6. | Pasoto et al (2013) | 189 | 36 (SS)/4 | - | 100/189 | 92/100 (SS) |
| 7. | Sanosyan et al (2019) | 360 | 138/360 | - | 360 | 360 |
| Hepatitis C Virus | ||||||
| 8. | Prunoiu et al (2008) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 9. | Ramos-Casals et al | 67 | 20/67 | - | 67/67 | 25/67 |
| (2002) | ||||||
| 10. | Dinescu et al (2017) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 |
| 11. | Loustaud-Ratti et al | 45 | 45 | 28/45 | 21/45 | 0 |
| (2001) | ||||||
| HTLV-1 | ||||||
| 12. | Bureta et al (2018) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 13. | Nakamura et al (2015) | 150 | 125/150 | 124/150 | 25/150 | 122/150 |
| 14. | Terada et al (1994) | 27429 | 8777/27429 | - | 74/27429 | - |
| 15. | Lima et al (2016) | 272 | 272 | 59/272 | 0 | 0 |
| Coxsackievirus | ||||||
| 16. | Triantafyllopoulou et al | 23 | 6/13 (SS) | - | 13/23 | 7/13 |
| (2004) | ||||||
| 17. | Stathopoulou et al (2005) | 50 | 27/50 | - | 25/50 | 27 |
| Bacteria | ||||||
| 18. | Sughimoto et al (2006) | 1 | 1 | 4/4 | 3/4 | - |
| 19. | El Miedany et al (2005) | 177 | 40/177 | - | 67/177 | 38/130 |
| 20. | Fabris et al (2013) | 299 | 10/74 | - | 74/299 | - |