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. 2020 Nov 2;11:587455. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587455

Table 2.

Post–hoc ANCOVA results of the relationships between comorbidities and DD indices.

Yes (n = 200) No (n = 665)
Mean SD Mean SD F(1, 859)* P 95%CI d
Social anxiety disorder
Time spent in DD 4.83 4.13 4.49 4.38 0.48 0.49 −0.43−0.91 0.08
Intensity of DD 4.31 4.10 3.50 4.26 4.67 0.03 0.07−1.40 0.19
Vividness of DD 3.39 4.11 2.83 4.20 2.02 0.15 −0.18−1.14 0.14
Urge to DD 5.19 3.90 4.13 4.31 7.91 0.005 0.29−1.63 0.26
Yes (n = 217) No (n = 648)
Mean SD Mean SD F(1, 859)* p 95%CI d
Other anxiety disorders
Time spent in DD 4.76 4.39 4.50 4.30 0.91 0.34 −0.34−0.97 0.06
Intensity of DD 3.62 4.30 3.71 4.22 0.034 0.86 −0.71−0.59 0.02
Vividness of DD 2.97 4.31 2.95 4.15 0.014 0.91 −0.61−0.68 0.004
Urge to DD 5.06 4.10 4.15 4.27 6.61 0.01 0.20−1.50 0.22
Yes (n = 226) No (n = 639)
Mean SD Mean SD F(1, 859)* p 95%CI d
Major depression
Time spent in DD 4.65 4.51 4.54 4.26 0.53 0.47 −0.41−0.88 0.03
Intensity of DD 4.03 4.12 3.56 4.28 2.88 0.09 −0.09−1.19 0.11
Vividness of DD 3.08 4.28 2.91 4.15 0.47 0.50 −0.42−0.86 0.04
Urge to DD 5.24 3.99 4.07 4.29 12.67 <0.001 0.52−1.80 0.28
Yes (n = 189) No (n = 676)
Mean SD Mean SD F(1, 859)* p 95%CI d
Other diagnoses
Time spent in DD 4.60 4.62 4.56 4.24 0.53 0.47 −0.43−0.94 <0.01
Intensity of DD 4.23 4.13 3.53 4.26 5.70 0.017 0.15−1.51 0.17
Vividness of DD 3.41 4.36 2.83 4.13 3.79 0.052 −0.01−1.35 0.14
Urge to DD 5.47 4.12 4.07 4.23 17.56 <0.001 0.77−2.13 0.34

ANCOVA controlled for age, gender, and education; DD, Daydreaming; p, p-value; CI, Confidence interval of the difference; d, Cohen's d; * there were 7 missing cases for each diagnosis. Bold values refer to statistically significant differences between the groups.