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. 2020 Nov 2;10:578985. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.578985

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Copyright © 2020 Tang, Xiao, Shen, Zhuang, Xie, Zhang, Yang, Guan, Shen, Chen, Lai, Chen, Chen, Dai, Wang and Wu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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pH_e values of hepatic carcinoma using dual-power CEST MRI. (A) A representative image of a patient with hepatic carcinoma. (B, C) are CEST maps of hepatic carcinoma at flip angles of 60 and 350°. (D) pH_e map for the tumor volume. The CEST signal for the tumor area differed from the corresponding color of the adjacent normal liver tissue, with a lower pH_e value in the tumor area than in normal tissue. CEST, chemical exchange saturation transfer; pHe, extracellular pH; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.