TABLE 1.

Inlet wastewater and effluent characteristics (average ± standard deviation).

Parameter	Inlet	F-UASB			F-AnMBR					G-AnMBR
		Reactor effluent			Reactor effluent		Permeate			Reactor effluent		Permeate
		Day 0–16	Day 17–45	Day 0–45	Day 0–16	Day 17–45	Day 0–16	Day 17–45	Day 0–45	Day 0–16	Day 17–45	Day 0–16	Day 17–45	Day 0–45
Temp. (°C)	9.7 ± 2.4	7.1 ± 1.9	10.3 ± 2.1	9.3 ± 2.4	7.1 ± 1.9	10.3 ± 1.9	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	7.1 ± 1.9	10.3 ± 2.0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
pH	7.8 ± 0.2	8.1 ± 0.2	8.0 ± 0.1	8.0 ± 0.1	8.0 ± 0.2	7.9 ± 0.1	8.6 ± 0.2	8.7 ± 0.1	8.7 ± 0.1	8.1 ± 0.2	8.3 ± 0.1	8.6 ± 0.1	8.7 ± 0.1	8.7 ± 0.1
sCOD (mg/L)	54.1 ± 10.3	42.6 ± 19.3	53.4 ± 6.3	49.5 ± 13.3	58.7 ± 22.3	56.7 ± 8.3	39.9 ± 7.0	38.0 ± 5.9	38.1 ± 6.0	68.0 ± 23.1	59.5 ± 9.0	39.1 ± 6.7	28.4 ± 4.2	31.8 ± 6.7
pCOD (mg/L)	84.1 ± 48.5	49.8 ± 16.8	36.0 ± 16.7	39.4 ± 19.4	86.8 ± 62.6	182 ± 93.8	1.3 ± 1.3	0.4 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 1.1	443 ± 152	266 ± 106	1.5 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 1.3	0.8 ± 1.4
BOD5 (mg/L)	67.8 ± 25.7	71.6 ± 27.9	68.2 ± 11.4	69.9 ± 17.5	107	103 ± 12.4	10.9	9.9 ± 1.3	11.1 ± 1.9	143 ± 73.5	131 ± 32.8	13.2 ± 6.9	5.9 ± 0.2	6.5 ± 1.2
TSS (mg/L)	47.7 ± 30.1	13.1 ± 14.0	27.2 ± 14.8	22.0 ± 15.7	29.3 ± 18.9	121 ± 58.4	<1	<1	<1	238 ± 109	173 ± 60.6	<1	<1	<1
Alkalinity (mg CaCO3/L)	226 ± 20.7	310 ± 7.1	291 ± 18.1	299 ± 16.9	328 ± 17.7	258 ± 31.9	335 ± 7.1	264 ± 9.5	292 ± 38.1	348 ± 10.6	316 ± 29.6	345 ± 0.0	304 ± 26.7	321 ± 29.3
VFA (mg/L)	8.1 ± 7.9	n.a.	0.4 ± 0.7	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	3.6 ± 4.4	2.6 ± 4.4	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	2.0 ± 2.4	2.0 ± 2.4
SO42– (mg/L)	70.0 ± 1.5	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

n.a., not analyzed.