Table 3.
Profile of secondary infections in COVID-19 patients.
| Sample Type N (%) |
Blood 126 (42.8%) |
Urine 62 (21.8%) |
ET/BAL 53 (18.6%) |
Pus 27 (9.1%) |
Others 22 (7.7%) |
Total 290 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organisms | |||||||
| Bacterial | Acinetobacter baumannii | 12 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 26 |
| Citrobacter koseri | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Escherichia coli | 6 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 16 | |
| Enterococcus faecium | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 13 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 32 | |
| Proteus mirabilis | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 11 | |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
| Fungal | Candida albicans | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Candida parapolosis | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| Candida spp | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
| Contaminants∗ | 19 | 24 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 70 | |
| Sterile | 68 | 20 | 9 | 5 | 13 | 115 | |
| Viral# | Adenovirus | NA | NA | 0 | NA | NA | 0 |
| Coronaviruses HCoV-HKU HCoV-NL63 HCoV-229E HCoV−OC43 |
0 | 0 | |||||
| Human Metapneumovirus | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Influenza viruses FluA FluA/H FluA/H3 FluA/H1-2009 FluB |
0 | 0 | |||||
| Parainfluenza types (PIV 1, 2, 3, 4) | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Atypical bacteria# | Bordetella pertussis | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 1 | 1 | |||||
ET; Endotracheal aspirate samples, BAL; Bronchoalveolar lavage samples, Others; CSF, Ascitic fluid, Bile, ICD fluid, and CVP tip.
Contaminants∗- Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (CONS), mixture of >3 types of Gram-negative/Gram-positive organisms, and Upper respiratory flora.
NA; Not applicable, #Tested by film array respiratory panel.