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. 2020 Spring;19(2):45–60. doi: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112062.13508

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Schematic diagram of the experimental protocol. Animals received intra-CA1 injection of virus (5μg/side) bilaterally. Animals treated by PBS in control, EVs and EV-loaded NEP at 43th day intranasally. Spatial learning and memory were measured 7 days after drug administration. Working memory and passive avoidance memory were evaluated via Y-maze test and shuttle box respectively at 12th day after treatment. Animals were sacrificed on 14th day after treatment and the hippocampus tissues were harvested for further assessments