Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Participants
| Baseline variables | Intervention (N = 70) | Control (N = 74) | p-value‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | N(%) | N | N(%) | ||
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | |||||
| Gender | 70 | 74 | 0.279 | ||
| Male | 53 (75.7%) | 50 (67.6%) | |||
| Female | 17 (24.3%) | 24 (32.4%) | |||
| Age | 69 | 47.94 ± 14.37 | 74 | 44.85 ± 12.97 | 0.179# |
| Educational attainment | 69 | 74 | 0.187 | ||
| Primary or below | 20 (29.0%) | 12 (16.2%) | |||
| Secondary or below | 42 (60.9%) | 53 (71.6%) | |||
| Matriculation or above | 7 (10.1%) | 9 (12.2%) | |||
| Marital Status | 67 | 73 | 0.639 | ||
| Single | 12 (17.9%) | 15 (20.5%) | |||
| Married | 51 (76.1%) | 51 (69.9%) | |||
| Divorced/ separated/widowed | 4 (6.0%) | 7 (9.6%) | |||
| Employment status | 68 | 74 | 0.182 | ||
| Currently employed | 53 (77.9%) | 64 (86.5%) | |||
| Unemployed | 15 (22.1%) | 10 (13.5%) | |||
| Monthly household income | 67 | 72 | 0.316 | ||
| HK$9999 or less | 11 (16.4%) | 11 (15.3%) | |||
| HK$10,000-29,999 | 34 (50.7%) | 45 (62.5%) | |||
| HK$30,000 or above | 22 (32.8%) | 16 (22.2%) | |||
| Living with others | 68 | 74 | 0.868 | ||
| Yes | 61 (89.7%) | 67 (90.5%) | |||
| No | 7 (10.3%) | 7 (9.5%) | |||
| Had a partner who smoked | 70 | 74 | 0.305 | ||
| Yes | 13 (18.6%) | 19 (25.7%) | |||
| No | 57 (81.4%) | 55 (74.3%) | |||
| Current smoking status and behavior | |||||
| Smoking status | 70 | 74 | 0.587 | ||
| Daily smoker | 69 (98.6%) | 74 (100.0%) | |||
| Occasional smoker | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Recently quit | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | |||
| Average cigarette/day in the past 1 month | 70 | 73 | 0.911 | ||
| 10 or fewer | 25 (35.7%) | 24 (32.9%) | |||
| 11–20 | 33 (47.1%) | 37 (50.7%) | |||
| 21 or more | 12 (17.1%) | 12 (16.4%) | |||
| Years of smoking | 70 | 19.06 ± 6.61 | 74 | 18.10 ± 4.87 | 0.323# |
| Nicotine dependence level | 70 | 74 | 0.383 | ||
| Low | 26 (37.1%) | 35 (47.3%) | |||
| Moderate | 14 (20.0%) | 15 (20.3%) | |||
| High | 30 (42.9%) | 24 (32.4%) | |||
| Smoke at home | 70 | 74 | 0.194 | ||
| Yes | 54 (77.1%) | 64 (86.5%) | |||
| No | 16 (22.9%) | 10 (13.5%) | |||
| Social support in quitting | 70 | 74 | 1.000 | ||
| Yes | 67 (95.7%) | 70 (94.6%) | |||
| No | 3 (4.3%) | 4 (5.4%) | |||
| Quitting history | |||||
| Previous attempt at quitting | 70 | 74 | 0.419 | ||
| No | 22 (31.4%) | 28 (37.8%) | |||
| Yes | 48 (68.6%) | 46 (62.2%) | |||
| Intention to quit | |||||
| Stages of change | 70 | 74 | 0.227 | ||
| Pre-contemplation | 11 (15.7%) | 16 (21.6%) | |||
| Contemplation | 26 (37.1%) | 16 (21.6%) | |||
| Preparation | 31 (44.3%) | 40 (54.1%) | |||
| Action | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (2.7%) | |||
‡ p-value was obtained from a chi-square test
* Data presented as mean ± SD
# p-value was obtained from Independent sample t- tests