Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Characteristic | Total episodes (n=80) | Group A (n=42)* | Group B (n=32)† | Group C (n=6)‡ | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 74.1±1.3 | 74.3±1.8 | 73.2±2.1 | 78.0±4.8 | 0.652 |
| Male sex | 63 (79) | 33 (79) | 26 (81) | 4 (67) | 0.725 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 19 (24) | 9 (21) | 9 (28) | 1 (17) | 0.730 |
| Pulmonary disease | 5 (6) | 3 (7) | 2 (6) | 0 | 0.796 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 12 (15) | 7 (17) | 4 (13) | 1 (17) | 0.878 |
| Liver disease | 6 (8) | 5 (12) | 1 (3) | 0 | 0.280 |
| Renal disease | 3 (4) | 1 (2) | 2 (6) | 0 | 0.605 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (25) | 15 (36) | 4 (13) | 1 (17) | 0.066 |
| Hypertension | 52 (65) | 25 (60) | 23 (72) | 4 (67) | 0.542 |
| Profile | |||||
| Nosocomial infection | 14 (18) | 6 (14) | 8 (25) | 0 | 0.244 |
| Prior hospitalization | 24 (30) | 13 (31) | 8 (25) | 3 (50) | 0.462 |
| Prior use of antibiotics | 14 (18) | 5 (12) | 6 (19) | 3 (50) | 0.069 |
| Prior PTBD or ERCP | 39 (49) | 19 (45) | 15 (47) | 5 (83) | 0.210 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 4.38±4.46 | 4.26±0.68 | 5.07±0.78 | 1.58±1.81 | 0.209 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 6.90±6.09 | 7.81±0.94 | 6.22±1.07 | 4.18±2.48 | 0.286 |
| WBC, ×103/μL | 9.55±5.43 | 10.14±0.84 | 8.80±0.97 | 9.38±2.23 | 0.579 |
| Acute cholangitis severity§ | 0.523 | ||||
| Mild | 40 (50) | 24 (57) | 14 (44) | 2 (33) | |
| Moderate | 25 (31) | 12 (29) | 10 (31) | 3 (50) | |
| Severe | 15 (19) | 6 (14) | 8 (25) | 1 (17) | |
| Cause of biliary obstruction | 0.676 | ||||
| Stone | 40 (50) | 24 (57) | 14 (44) | 2 (33) | |
| Malignancy | 38 (48) | 17 (40) | 17 (53) | 4 (67) | |
| Inflammation | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 0 | |
| Biliary drainage method | 0.518 | ||||
| ERCP | 67 (84) | 35 (83) | 26 (81) | 6 (100) | |
| PTBD | 13 (16) | 7 (17) | 6 (19) | 0 | |
Data are presented as mean±SD or number (%).
PTBD, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell.
*Group A, microorganisms in both the blood and bile cultures were sensitive to the antibiotics; †Group B, only species in the blood culture were sensitive to the antibiotics; ‡Group C, microorganisms in both the blood and bile cultures were insensitive to the antibiotics; §Severity of acute cholangitis was defined according to the 2013 Tokyo Guidelines.