Table 3.

Recommendations Regarding NSAID Use According to the Risk of NSAID-Induced Ulcer and Cardiovascular Disease

		Risk of NSAID-induced ulcer or complication
		Low	High
			- Old age
			- Peptic ulcer history
			- Use of high dose of NSAID
			- Concomitant use of aspirin, antiplatelet agent, anticoagulant, or steroid
Risk of cardiovascular disease	Low	Use nonselective COX inhibitors	(1) Use selective COX-2 inhibitors, or
			(2) Add proton pump inhibitors to nonselective COX inhibitors
	High*	Add proton pump inhibitors to nonselective COX inhibitors	(1) Avoid NSAIDs, if possible
			(2) Add proton pump inhibitors to nonselective COX inhibitors, if NSAIDs cannot be stopped

NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; COX, cyclooxygenase.

*Aspirin, antiplatelet agent, or anticoagulant users for the prevention of serious cardiovascular events.