Table 3.
Risk Factors for Immediate Postpolypectomy Bleeding
| Variable | Incidence of immediate PPB (%) |
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 60 (6.6) | 1 (reference) | ||||
| Female | 25 (7.0) | 1.076 (0.663–1.745) | 0.767 | |||
| Age, yr | 0.99 (0.967–1.104) | 0.425 | ||||
| Platelet count | ||||||
| ≥50,000/µL | 70 (5.9) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| <50,000/µL | 14 (27.5) | 6.038 (3.118–11.690) | <0.001 | 6.617 (3.045–14.382) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic liver disease | <0.001 | 0.011 | ||||
| CH | 21 (4.6) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| CP class A | 44 (6.3) | 1.38 (0.809–2.353) | 0.237 | 0.977 (0.554–1.722) | 0.935 | |
| CP class B, C | 20 (17.5) | 4.377 (2.281–8.399) | <0.001 | 2.483 (1.204–5.122) | 0.014 | |
| No. of polyp | ||||||
| <3 | 36 (4.0) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| ≥3 | 49 (13.0) | 3.529 (2.253–5.527) | <0.001 | 2.055 (1.136–3.717) | 0.017 | |
| Size of polyp, mm | ||||||
| <10 | 59 (5.5) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| ≥10 | 26 (13.3) | 2.623 (1.609–4.278) | <0.001 | 1.526 (0.875–2.663) | 0.137 | |
| Method of polypectomy | ||||||
| CFP | 16 (2.9) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| EMR or ESD | 25 (6.3) | 3.665 (2.102–6.388) | <0.001 | 3.303 (1.694–6.437) | <0.001 | |
| Location of polyp | <0.001 | 0.013 | ||||
| Proximal | 18 (3.7) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Distal | 20 (5.1) | 1.381 (0.720–2.649) | 0.331 | 1.445 (0.720–2.898) | 0.300 | |
| Mixed | 47 (12.1) | 3.54 (2.020–6.203) | <0.001 | 1.981 (1.021–3.845) | 0.043 | |
| Endoscopist | ||||||
| Expert | 12 (3.8) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Trainee | 73 (7.7) | 2.097 (1.123–3.915) | 0.020 | 3.462 (1.786–6.709) | <0.001 | |
| Underlying diseases | ||||||
| DM | 27 (8.5) | 1.419 (0.882–2.282) | 0.149 | |||
| Hypertension | 24 (6.4) | 0.924 (0.567–1.506) | 0.751 | |||
| Dyslipidemia | 5 (3.2) | 0.424 (0.169–1.062) | 0.067 | |||
| CHD | 1 (1.9) | 0.264 (0.036–1.934) | 0.190 | |||
| CVD | 2 (8.0) | 0.824 (0.191–3.556) | 0.796 | |||
| CKD | 8 (7.8) | 1.203 (0.564–2.566) | 0.633 | |||
| Concomitant medication | ||||||
| Aspirin | 2 (2.9) | 0.401 (0.097–1.666) | 0.209 | |||
| Clopidogrel | 0 | 1.000 | ||||
| Cilostazol | 0 | 1.000 | ||||
PPB, postpolypectomy bleeding; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CH, chronic hepatitis; CP, Child-Pugh; CFP, cold forceps polypectomy; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.