Table 4.
Risk Factors for Delayed Postpolypectomy Bleeding
| Variable | Incidence of delayed PPB (%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 9 (1.0) | 1 (reference) | |||||
| Female | 2 (0.6) | 0.568 (0.122–2.644) | 0.471 | ||||
| Age, yr | 0.957 (0.899–1.019) | 0.173 | |||||
| Platelet count | |||||||
| ≥50,000/µL | 9 (0.8) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||
| <50,000/µL | 2 (4.1) | 5.342 (1.124–25.388) | 0.035 | 5.354 (0.779–36.823) | 0.088 | ||
| Chronic liver disease | 0.002 | 0.009 | |||||
| CH | 1 (0.2) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||
| CP class A | 5 (0.7) | 3.252 (0.379–27.925) | 0.282 | 2.748 (0.265–28.446) | 0.397 | ||
| CP class B, C | 5 (4.4) | 20.734 (2.398–179.283) | 0.006 | 19.715 (1.736–223.875) | 0.016 | ||
| No. of polyp | |||||||
| <3 | 3 (0.3) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||
| ≥3 | 8 (2.1) | 6.386 (1.685–24.203) | 0.006 | 2.918 (0.658–12.936) | 0.159 | ||
| Size of polyp, mm | |||||||
| <10 | 2 (0.2) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||
| ≥10 | 9 (4.6) | 25.725 (5.515–119.998) | <0.001 | 8.274 (1.662–41.205) | 0.010 | ||
| Method of polypectomy | |||||||
| CFP | 0 | NA | |||||
| EMR or ESD | 11 (1.6) | NA | 1.000 | ||||
| Location of polyp | 0.519 | ||||||
| Proximal | 4 (0.8) | 1 (reference) | |||||
| Distal | 2 (0.5) | 0.611 (0.111–3.353) | 0.571 | ||||
| Mixed | 5 (1.3) | 1.555 (0.415–5.831) | 0.513 | ||||
| Endoscopist | |||||||
| Expert | 4 (0.4) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||||
| Trainee | 7 (2.2) | 0.186 (0.054–0.638) | 0.008 | 0.306 (0.074–1.255) | 0.100 | ||
| Underlying diseases | |||||||
| DM | 0 | 1.000 | |||||
| Hypertension | 1 (0.3) | 0.234 (0.030–1.835) | 0.167 | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | 1 (0.6) | 0.705 (0.090–5.546) | 0.740 | ||||
| CHD | 0 | 1.000 | |||||
| CVD | 2 (8.3) | 11.903 (2.435–58.180) | 0.002 | 4.703 (0.282–78.295) | 0.281 | ||
| CKD | 2 (2.0) | 2.569 (0.548–12.052) | 0.232 | ||||
| Concomitant medication | |||||||
| Aspirin | 0 | 1.000 | |||||
| Clopidogrel | 1 (11.1) | 15.600 (1.781–136.628) | 0.013 | 9.567 (0.152–601.475) | 0.285 | ||
| Cilostazol | 0 | 1.000 | |||||
PPB, postpolypectomy bleeding; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CH, chronic hepatitis; CP, Child-Pugh; CFP, cold forceps polypectomy; EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.