Table 3.
AVCOVA results and descriptive statistics of improvement in posterior approach (group I) and anterior approach (group II)
| Variable | US-guided hydrodilatation with corticosteroid in shoulder adhesive capsulitis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 32 | N = 32 | ANCOVA test | p value | |
| Group I (adjusted mean) | Group II (adjusted mean) | |||
| VAS Pain (0–10) | 3.04 | 2.19 | 11.34 | 0.001 |
| ROM (°) | ||||
| Flexion (0–180) | 102.17 | 107.35 | 8.93 | 0.004 |
| Extension (0–60) | 43.77 | 43.82 | 0.004 | 0.95 |
| Abduction (0–180) | 143.81 | 153.68 | 8.63 | 0.005 |
| Adduction (0–45) | 34.22 | 31.6 | 4.81 | 0.34 |
| Internal rotation (0–90) | 28.26 | 28.46 | 0.15 | 0.69 |
| External rotation (0–90) | 45 | 61.35 | 52.1 | < 0.001 |
| SPADI (0–100) | 74.95 | 38.97 | 152.8 | < 0.001 |
VAS, visual analogue scale; SPADI, shoulder pain and disability index questionnaire