Figure 8.

Astrocytic YY1 mediates Mn-induced down-regulation of astrocytic glutamate transporters in the midbrain of mice. After Mn exposure (MnCl₂, 30 mg/kg, intranasal instillation, daily for 3 weeks), midbrain tissues of mice were processed to measure mRNA and protein levels by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively, as described under “Experimental procedures.” A and B, Mn decreased mRNA and protein levels of GLAST, whereas astrocytic YY1 deletion attenuated these Mn effects on GLAST in the midbrain region. C and D, Mn decreased mRNA and protein levels of GLT-1, whereas astrocytic YY1 deletion attenuated these Mn effects on GLT-1 in the midbrain region. GAPDH was used as a loading control. ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.001 compared with the controls. @, p < 0.05; @@, p < 0.01; @@@, p < 0.01 compared with each other (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test; n = 3). Bar graphs are expressed as mean ± S.D.