Figure 9.

Astrocytic YY1 deletion attenuates Mn-induced microglial activation in the SN of the mouse brain. After Mn exposure (MnCl₂, 30 mg/kg, intranasal instillation, daily for 3 weeks), mice were perfused, and coronal sections of brain tissues were immunostained with Iba1 antibody as described under “Experimental procedures.” The expression of Iba1 protein was shown as red fluorescent signals in the SN of the mouse brain (×40 magnification). Mn increased Iba1 fluorescence intensity in the SN of the mouse brain, whereas astrocytic YY1 deletion attenuated these Mn effects. **, p < 0.05 compared with the controls. @, p < 0.05 compared with each other (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test; n = 3). Data are expressed as mean ± S.D.