Figure 4.

Cadmium promotes glycolytic flux in lung macrophages. THP-1 cells were treated with vehicle or mitoTEMPO (10 μm, 16 h) and exposed to vehicle or CdCl₂ for 3 h. Immunoblot analysis in isolated (A) nuclear and (B) cytosolic extracts. C, lactate levels in condition media from exposed THP-1 cells (n = 6). D, ECAR in MH-S cells treated with vehicle or mitoTEMPO and exposed to vehicle or CdCl₂ (n = 5). E, immunoblot analysis in isolated nuclear extracts from THP-1 cells. WT mice were exposed to vehicle or CdCl₂ (100 ng/kg, intratracheal). After 7 days, BAL was performed. F, heatmap of RNA-Seq data of isolated BAL cells from exposed mice (n = 2-3). Immunoblot analysis of BAL cells from isolated (G) nuclear and (H) cytosolic fractions. I, lactate levels in BAL fluid from exposed mice (n = 9-10). J, ECAR in BAL cells from exposed mice (n = 5). ***, p < 0.0001. Values are shown as mean ± S.D.