Cadmium alters macrophage glycolytic intermediates. THP-1 cells expressing empty or PPARγ were treated with vehicle of CdCl2. A, schematic of the glycolytic pathway. B, glucose, immunoblot analysis; C, glucose 6-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate; D, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; E, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; F, 3-phosphoglycerate, serine, cysteine, glycine; and G, phosphoenolpyruvate, alanine levels by GC-TOF (n = 5). *, p < 0.01; **, p < 0.001; ***, p < 0.0001. Values are shown as mean ± S.D.