Figure 6.

PPARγ induces the alternative phenotype in cadmium-exposed macrophages. THP-1 cells expressing empty or PPARγ were treated with vehicle of CdCl₂. A, mtROS generation (n = 6). B, TNFα; C, iNOS; D, arginase 1; E, TGF-β1; F, IL-10; and G, PDGF-B mRNA expression (n = 3). H, Immunoblot analysis in the nuclear extract. I, lactate levels in conditioned media from treated THP-1 cells (n = 4). J, ECAR analysis (n = 5). *, p < 0.01; **, p < 0.001; ***, p < 0.0001. Values are shown as mean ± S.D.