P-Rex1 enhances mammary tumoroid colony formation in a Rac1-dependent manner. (A–C) Mammary tumoroids from MMTV-neu and MMTV-neu;PREX1L1 transgenic mice were cultured in Matrigel for 10 or 14 d and imaged by brightfield microscopy (A). Data represent mean number of tumoroids/field ± SEM (n = 3 mice/genotype, >5 fields/genotype) (B) or mean tumoroid size ± SEM (n = 3 mice/genotype, >12 tumoroids; Student’s t test) (C). (D and E) Sections from 14-d formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mammary tumoroids from MMTV-neu and MMTV-neu;PREX1L1 mice were immunostained with a Ki67 antibody (D). Data represent mean Ki67+ cells/tumoroid ± SEM (n = 3 mice/genotype, >15 tumoroids/mouse; Student’s t test) (E). (F–H) Mammary tumoroids from MMTV-neu and MMTV-neu;PREX1L1 mice were cultured in Matrigel ± 5 μM NSC23766 or 0.5 μM U0126 for 14 d (F). Data represent mean number of tumoroids/field ± SEM in untreated versus tumoroids treated with NSC23766 (G) or U1026 (H) (n = 3 mice/genotype, >5 fields/genotype; two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). (Scale bars: 100 μm.) *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.