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. 2020 Oct 26;117(45):27945–27953. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2002883117

Table 1.

Descriptions, number of items, and reliabilities (Cronbach’s alphas) for GoT Assessment tasks

Domain Skill (α) Tasks (No. items)
Numerical thinking Cardinality (0.84) Show how many objects are on a page using fingers; produce requested number of objects (10).
Counting (0.88) Point to and label objects with number words; count starting from 1; recite number sequence forward or backward from given number >1 (20).
Written numeral knowledge (0.92) Identify written numeral by name (11).
Comparing and ordering sets (0.87) Select which is more of two hands showing amounts 1 to 5; place cards with different numbers of fingers or dots in numerical order (12).
Operations (0.86) Add and subtract objects in a cup; add and subtract using stories about objects in a cup (15).
Spatial thinking Shape knowledge (0.87) Identify a given shape from a selection of 4; decide whether a shape is a triangle or not (33).
Shape features (0.78) Find shape that contains displayed part; find shape that has certain verbal criteria (15).
Spatial Relationships (0.82) Find picture displaying the same spatial relationship/orientation as model picture (20).
Patterns and structure (0.85) Copy pattern shown using identical shapes; predict next color shown in pattern (8); create same type of pattern shown using different shapes (8).
Mental rotation (0.84) Among three choices, find animal that faces a specified direction when rotated (20).
Shape composition (0.90) Combine shapes to fill outlines of bigger shapes (14).
Mathematical vocabulary (0.91) Find picture that displays verbally presented term (48).