Figure 4.

ATO inhibits cell proliferation by causing cell-cycle arrest in S-phase. (A) Flow cytometric analysis of cell-cycle progression in EpCAM⁺CD44⁺ HCT-116 cells following treatment with 15 µM ATO for 24 h under hypoxic conditions. (B) Number of EpCAM⁺CD44⁺ HCT-116 cells in each cell-cycle phase. Cells treated with 50 µM DDP served as the positive control and DMSO was used as a negative control. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01 and ^***P<0.001 and ^****P<0.0001 as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. ATO, atovaquone; DDP, cisplatin; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule.