TABLE 1.

List of various CRISPR-Cas12a nucleases and their various applications in crops.

Plant name	Cas12a	Gene codes	Gene targeted	Target Trait	Binary vector	Transformation method	PAM	References
Rice	FnCas12a	OsDL, OsALS, OsNCED1, OsAO1	Drooping leaf; Acetolactate synthase; 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase1; Aldehyde oxidase	Floral organ identity; Herbicide resistance; Abscisic acid regulation-stress tolerance; caroteniod catabolism and abscisic acid metabolism-stress tolerance	pPZP200	Agrobacterium	TTN	Endo A. et al., 2016
Rice	LbCas12a	OsEPFL9	Stomatal developmental gene	Abiotic stress tolerance	pCAMBIA	Agrobacterium	TTTG	Yin et al., 2017
Rice	LbCas12a	OsPDS, OsBEL	Phytoene desaturase; Bentazon-sensitive-lethal	Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway; Herbicide resistance	pHSN400	Agrobacterium	TTTA,	Tang et al., 2017
Rice	FnCas12a, LbCas12a	OsBEL, OsRLK	Bentazon-sensitive-lethal; Receptor like kinases	Herbicide resistance; Biotic stress stimulant response gene	pCambia	Agrobacterium	TTN, TTTG, TTTC	Wang et al., 2017b
Rice	FnCas12a, LbCas12a	OsCAO1	Chlorophyllide-a oxygenase gene	Photosynthetic efficiency	pUC19	Biolistic Mediated	TTTC	Begemann et al., 2017
Rice	AsCas12a, LbCas12a	OsPDS, OsDEP1, and OsROC5	Phytoene desaturase; Dense and erect panicle 1; Rice outermost cell-specific gene5	Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway; Regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism-Yield; leaf rolling controlling; Negatively modulates bulliform cells	pYPQ203 or pYPQ202, pYPQ220, pYPQ230, pYPQ223	Agrobacterium	TTTG	Tang et al., 2017
Rice	FnCas12a	OsDEP1, OsPDS, and OsEPFL9	Dense and erect panicle 1; Phytoene desaturase; Stomatal developmental gene	Regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism-Yield; Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway; Abiotic stress tolerance	pYPQ203	Protoplasts transformation	TTTC	Zhong et al., 2018
Rice	LbCas12a	OsALS	Acetolactate synthase	Herbicide resistance	pCXUN	Particle bombardment	TTTG	Li et al., 2018b
Rice	FnCas12a, AsCas12a, and LbCas1	OsROC5 and OsDEP1	Rice outermost cell-specific gene5; Dense and erect panicle 1	Leaf rolling controlling; Negatively modulates bulliform cells; Regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism-Yield	pYPQ141, 210, 230	PEG-mediated protoplasts transfection	TTTC	Malzahn et al., 2019
Rice	LbCas12a	OsDEP1, OsROC5	Dense and erect panicle 1; Rice outermost cell-specific gene5	Regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism-Yield; leaf rolling controlling; Negatively modulates bulliform cells;	STU-Cas12a system	Protoplasts transformation	TTTA	Tang et al., 2019
Rice	LbCas12a	OsPDS, OsGS3, OsALS, OsNAL	Phytoene desaturase; Grain size; Acetolactate synthase; Narrow leaf	Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway; Grain length-yield; Herbicide resistance; grain yield	STU-poly-A vector	Agrobacterium	TTTA, TTTG	Xu et al., 2019
Rice	AsCas12a, LbCas12a	OsPDS	Phytoene desaturase;	Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway;	pCAMBIA1301	Biolistic Mediated	TTTG	Banakar et al., 2020
Arabidopsis and rice	AsCas12a, LbCas12a	OsPDS, OsDEP1, and OsROC5	Phytoene desaturase; Dense and erect panicle 1; Rice outermost cell-specific gene5	Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway;	dAsCas12a–SRDX and dLbCas12a–SRDX carrying vector	Floral dip and protoplasts transformation	TTTG	Tang et al., 2017
Arabidopsis	LbCas12a, enLbCas12a, ttLbCas12a	five gene targets	–	–	enAsCas12a and ttLbCas12a carrying vector	Floral dip	TTTC, TTTA	Schindele et al., 2020
Soybean	LbCas12a/AsCas12a-RNP	FAD2-1A, FAD2-1B	Fattyacid desaturase	Increase oleicacid levels-Yield improvement	p2GW7	PEG-mediated protoplasts transformation	TTTTA	Kim et al., 2017
Tobacco	FnCas12a	NtSTF1, NtPDS	Phytoene desaturase; Stenofolia	NtPDS; NtSTF1	pRI201-AN	Agrobacterium	TTN	Endo A. et al., 2016
Tobacco	LbCas12a/AsCas12a-RNP	AOC	Allen Oxidase Cyclase	Jasmonic acid biosynthesis metabolism	p2GW7	PEG mediated RNP delivery	TTTN	Kim et al., 2017
Maize	LbCas12a	Gl2	Maize Glossy gene2	Epicuticular wax formation-Regulation of fattyacid elongase pathway	pYPQ141, 210, 230	Agrobacterium	TTTG, TTTC	Lee K. et al., 2019
Tomato	LbCas12a	SlHKT1;2	Salt tolerance gene 1;2	Salt tolerance-Abiotic stress tolerant	pHRHKT12.1	Agrobacterium	TTTG, TTTA	van Vu et al., 2020
Allotetraploid cotton	LbCas12a	GhLCA1	Cloroplastos alterados	Chloroplast developmental gene	pGhRBE3	Agrobacterium	TTTG	Li B. et al., 2019
Citrus	LbCas12a	CsPDS	Phytoene desaturase;	Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway;	p1380	Agroinfiltration	TTTC	Jia et al., 2019
Wheat	LbCas12a	TaWaxy and TaMTL	Waxy and Matrilineal	MTL-Haploid induction gene; Waxy- starch synthase gene involved in flour quality	pWMB110-LbCas12a	Agrobacterium	TTTG	Liu et al., 2020