TABLE 3.

List of Cas protein activators and repressors and their applications in inducing gene expression in plants and human embryonic cells.

Activator/Repressor	Target Gene/Plant species	References
denAsCas12a–VPR	human cells:S170R, E174R, S542R or K548R	Kleinstiver et al., 2019
enAsBE1.1–1.4	human cells:S170R, E174R, S542R or K548R	Kleinstiver et al., 2019
dAs/LbCas12a-VP64-3xHA-crHDV	Luciferase (luc) gene in HEK293T cells	Gao et al., 2018
dCas9-H3K27 acetyltransferase p300	Flowering locus in Arabidopsis	Lee J. E. et al., 2019
dCas9-H3K9 methyltransferase KRYPTONITE	Flowering locus in Arabidopsis	Lee J. E. et al., 2019
dCas9-VP64	Flowering locus in Arabidopsis	Lee J. E. et al., 2019
dCas9-SRDX (Transcriptional repressor)	Flowering locus in Arabidopsis	Lee J. E. et al., 2019
dCas9-H3K9 methyltransferase G9a	Flowering locus in Arabidopsis	Lee J. E. et al., 2019
dCas9-MS2-VP64	Rice	Lowder et al., 2018
dCas9-mTALE-VP64	Rice	Lowder et al., 2018
dCas9–6TAL–VP128 (dCas9-TV)	Protoplasts of Arabidopsis	Li Z. et al., 2017
dCas9-VP128	Protoplasts of Arabidopsis	Li Z. et al., 2017
dCas9–VP256	Protoplasts of Arabidopsis	Li Z. et al., 2017
dCas9-VPR	Human cells- HEK293T	Chavez et al., 2016
dCas9-SAM	Human cells- HEK293T	Chavez et al., 2016
dCas9-SunTag	Human cells- HEK293T	Chavez et al., 2016