Table 2. Changing in soil chemical and physical properties as influenced by different levels of biochar and nitrogen.
| Treat | pH (water) | SOC (g kg−1) | SOM (g kg1) | TN (g kg−1) | AP (mg kg−1) | AK (mg kg−1) | BD (g cm−3) | SP (%) | MC (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | |||||||||
| N1C | 5.71b | 13.50e | 1.54f | 0.13e | 21.50e | 225.5e | 1.39a | 42.3e | 10.2e |
| N2C | 5.76b | 13.89e | 1.63ef | 0.17d | 21.50e | 225.8e | 1.27b | 42.2e | 9.9e |
| N1B1 | 5.80b | 15.58d | 2.51bc | 0.18cd | 22.91d | 228.2cd | 1.16c | 58.5d | 11.9d |
| N1B2 | 5.88b | 16.83c | 2.78b | 0.20b | 24.83c | 228.8c | 0.98de | 65.4c | 14.7b |
| N1B3 | 6.47a | 20.12ab | 3.49a | 0.22ab | 27.55ab | 232.1a | 0.89ef | 67.5ab | 16.9a |
| N2B1 | 5.98b | 15.57d | 1.91de | 0.20bc | 23.30d | 227.5d | 1.23bc | 59.7d | 11.7d |
| N2B2 | 6.48a | 18.54bc | 2.18cd | 0.20b | 25.50bc | 230.5b | 0.99d | 66.6bc | 13.2c |
| N2B3 | 6.38a | 18.88a | 3.46a | 0.23a | 26.82a | 230.8b | 0.89f | 68.7a | 17.3a |
| S2 | |||||||||
| N1C | 5.84b | 13.43e | 1.66e | 0.15d | 22.49d | 226.9e | 1.38a | 41.0e | 11.5e |
| N2C | 5.94b | 13.79e | 1.76de | 0.18c | 22.82d | 227.5e | 1.25b | 40.9e | 11.2e |
| N1B1 | 6.12b | 16.73d | 2.63cd | 0.19c | 24.26c | 230.0cb | 1.15c | 57.2d | 13.2d |
| N1B2 | 6.20b | 17.98c | 2.90b | 0.21b | 25.82b | 230.6c | 0.96de | 64.0c | 16.0c |
| N1B3 | 6.79a | 21.27a | 3.68a | 0.23ab | 28.87a | 233.9b | 0.87e | 66.2ab | 18.2a |
| N2B1 | 6.17b | 16.72d | 2.03c | 0.22b | 24.62c | 229.3d | 1.22bc | 58.4d | 13.0c |
| N2B2 | 6.80a | 19.69b | 2.30b | 0.22ab | 25.82b | 232.3b | 0.98d | 64.8bc | 14.5b |
| N2B3 | 6.70a | 20.03b | 3.57a | 0.24a | 26.80b | 232.6a | 0.86e | 67.3a | 18.3a |
| SOV | pH | SOC | SOM | TN | AP | AK | BD | SP | MC |
| Biochar (B) | * | ** | ** | * | * | ** | ** | * | * |
| Nirogen(N) | * | * | ** | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns |
| Season(S) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| BxN | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| NxS | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| BxNxS | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns | Ns |
Notes.
- SOC
- Soil organic carbon
- SOM
- Soil organic matter
- TN
- Total nitrogen
- AP
- available phosphorous
- AK
- available potassium
- BD
- Bulk density
- SP
- soil porosity
- MC
- moisture content
N1C–N; lower dose + Control (no biochar), N 2C–N; higher dose + Control (no biochar), N 1B1–N; lower dose + Biochar 20 t ha −1, N1B2–N; lower dose + Biochar 40 t ha−1, N1B3–N; lower dose + Biochar 60 t ha−1, N2B 1–N; higher dose + Biochar 20 t ha−1, N2B2–N; higher dose + biochar 40 t ha −1, N2B3–N; higher dose + Biochar 60 t ha−1, Values followed by the same letters, within column, are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05., Values followed by the same letters, within column, are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05. SOV-source of variation, ** indicate the significant difference P ≥0.01 and * indicate P = 0.01-0.05