Table 4. Photochemical quenching coefficient and non-photochemical quenching coefficient of noodle rice as influenced by different biochar levels under low and high N rates.

Treatment/season	Tillering		Heading		Maturity
	qP	NPQ	qP	NPQ	qP	NPQ
S1
N1C	0.33de	0.82a	0.29c	0.75a	0.21e	0.77a
N2C	0.41cde	0.66ab	0.45abc	0.64ab	0.32cde	0.40bc
N1B1	0.34de	0.81a	0.32bc	0.78a	0.28de	0.86a
N1B2	0.47bcd	0.43cd	0.43abc	0.43cd	0.54a	0.30c
N1B3	0.69a	0.28d	0.56ab	0.28d	0.38bcd	0.42bc
N2B1	0.54ab	0.51bc	0.32bc	0.50bc	0.44abc	0.65ab
N2B2	0.61ab	0.38cd	0.61a	0.38cd	0.57a	0.42bc
N2B3	0.67a	0.41cd	0.57a	0.41	0.49ab	0.53abc
S2
N1C	0.25f	0.65ab	0.25e	0.74a	0.27cd	0.70a
N2C	0.40de	0.61ab	0.39cd	0.63ab	0.40cd	0.61ab
N1B1	0.35ef	0.79a	0.32de	0.77a	0.38	0.47abc
N1B2	0.61ab	0.30c	0.45cd	0.42cd	0.46bc	0.41bc
N1B3	0.53bcd	0.42bc	0.63a	0.28d	0.21d	0.28c
N2B1	0.46cde	0.60ab	0.51abc	0.49bc	0.46bc	0.60ab
N2B2	0.58abc	0.48bc	0.57ab	0.38cd	0.58ab	0.48ab
N2B3	0.70a	0.29c	0.63a	0.40cd	0.70a	0.29c
	Tillering		Heading		Maturity
SOV	qP	NPQ	qP	NPQ	qP	NPQ
Biochar (B)	**	**	ns	ns	**	**
Nitrogen(N)	*	ns	ns	ns	*	*
Season(S)	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
BxN	*	*	**	**	*	*
BxS	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
NxS	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
BxNxS	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Notes.

qP

photochemical quenching coefficient

qNP

Non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN)

N₁C–N; lower dose + Control (no biochar), N ₂C–N; higher dose + Control (no biochar), N ₁B₁–N; lower dose + Biochar 20 t ha ⁻¹, N₁B₂–N; lower dose + Biochar 40 t ha⁻¹, N₁B₃–N; lower dose + Biochar 60 t ha⁻¹, N₂B ₁–N; higher dose + Biochar 20 t ha⁻¹, N₂B₂–N; higher dose + biochar 40 t ha ⁻¹, N₂B₃–N; higher dose + Biochar 60 t ha⁻¹. Values followed by the same letters, within column, are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05. SOV-source of variation, ** indicate the significant difference P ≤ 0.01 and * indicate P = 0.01 − 0.05.