Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics and cognitive performance of young and older participants.
| Groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (± SEM) | |||||
| Sex (M/F) | Young 18/7 | Older 7/10 | p-value | ES* | 95% CI of the difference |
| Age1 | 25.4 (± 0.5) | 73.0 (± 0.9) | p < 0.001 | 14.8 | [45.6, 49.7] |
| Total brain volume1 (cm3) | 1301 (± 18) | 1061 (± 23) | p < 0.001 | −2.67 | [−297.6, −183.3] |
| MMSE2 | 30.0 (± 0.0) | 28.8 (± 0.4) | p < 0.001 | −0.61 | [−2.0, −0.0] |
| 3D mental rotation1 | 18.3 (± 0.9) | 12.7 (± 1.2) | p < 0.001 | −1.20 | [−8.8, −2.7] |
| Corsi forward2 | 7.2 (± 0.2) | 4.4 (± 0.2) | p < 0.001 | −0.80 | [−4.0, −2.0] |
| Corsi backward2 | 6.2 (± 0.3) | 4.6 (± 0.2) | p < 0.001 | −0.54 | [−2.0, −1.0] |
| Perspective taking2 | 15.3 (± 1.7) | 46.1 (± 6.7) | p < 0.001 | 0.65 | [16.8, 35.7] |
M, male; F, female; SEM, standard error of the mean; ES, effect size (*Hedges’ g was computed for independent samples t-tests and r was computed for Mann–Whitney U tests); CI, confidence interval (95% CI of the difference between means was computed for independent samples t-tests and 95% CI of the difference between medians for Mann–Whitney U tests); MMSE, mini-mental state examination; 1independent samples t-test; 2Mann–Whitney U test.