Table 7.

Primary outcomes of retained studies for nosocomial pneumonia (3 studies)

Interventions (Professional oral care versus usual care)
Outcome 1 No relationship	Outcome 2 Possible relationship (mixed results)	Outcome 3 Positive relationship
	Liu et al.22 Used too many combinations of interventions. Unable to draw any conclusions from the 4 included studies as to which of the various interventions actually worked. Follow-up studies should be at least 24 months. Usual care should be replaced with placebo.
	Kaneoka et al.18 Same as above. Too many combinations of interventions that included professional care and brushing in nursing homes sometimes with Povidone Iodine. In hospitals, used brushing and chlorhexidine. Pooled results for 4 studies showed positive effects but unable to differentiate which worked the best.	Sjögren et al.23 Best results from weekly professional care, brushing after each meal, and scrubbing pharynx with Povidone Iodine.